Question

The diagram alongside refers to the structure of human sperm:

(i) Label the part 1 - 4.

(ii) What are the number of chromosomes present in the nucleus of the sperm?

(iii) State the functions of parts 1, 3 and 4.

(iv) Where is sperm produced in man?

Answer 1

(i) Labeling of the parts:

1. Acrosome; Acrosome is the cap-like structure situated in the head region of the sperm.
2. Nucleus; Nucleus of the sperm contains the necessary genetic information.
3. Mitochondria; Mitochondria is present in the middle piece of the sperm and provides the energy for locomotion of the sperm.
4. Flagellum; Flagellum is required for the locomotion of the sperm.

(ii) Number of chromosomes:

1. The diploid set of chromosomes for human beings is 46.
2. Sperm is the male gamete produced by the testis.
3. So, the nucleus of the sperm contains the haploid number of chromosomes, that is, 23.

(iii) Functions of parts 1,3 and 4:

1 - Acrosome secretes a hydrolytic enzyme that helps the sperm to penetrate the ovum.

3 - Mitochondria is the powerhouse of any cell; it provides energy for the locomotion of the sperm.

4 - The lashing movement of the flagellum helps it to move forward.

(iv) Location of sperm production:

1. Sperms are produced through the process of spermatogenesis.
2. Sperms are produced in the seminiferous tubules of the testis.