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Question

The electronic configuration of Cu(II) is 3d9 whereas that of Cu(I) is 3d10. Which of the following is correct?

A
Cu(II) is more stable.
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B
Cu(II) is less stable.
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C
Cu(I) and Cu(II) are equally stable.
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D
Stability of Cu(I) and Cu(II) depends on nature of copper salts.
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Solution

The correct option is A Cu(II) is more stable.
There is a general trend that half filled and completely filled orbitals are more stable than incompletely filled orbitals
Cu(II) is more stable than Cu(I) because it has a 2+ charge and is smaller than Cu(I).

The electron density and effective nuclear charge is greater for Cu(II) and it forms stronger bonds(high hydration energy) and releases more energy and is more stable.

Hence Cu(II) is more stable than Cu(I).

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