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Huygens' Principle

The electroni...

Question

The electronic configuration of valence shell of Cu is $3 d^{10} 4 s^{1}$ and not $3 d^{9} 4 s^{2}$ . How is this configuration explained?

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Solution

Extra stability of fully filled orbitals

In $3 d^{10} 4 s^{1}$ , d-orbitals are fully filled and thus attains more stable electronic configuration due to symmetric distribution of electrons in the orbitals and exchange energy as compared to $3 d^{9} 4 s^{2}$ . Therefore, the electronic configuration of valence shell of Cu is $3 d^{10} 4 s^{1}$ and not $3 d^{9} 4 s^{2}$ .

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