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Question

The points A (2, 9), B (a, 5) and C (5,5) are the vertices of a triangle ABC right angled at B.

Find the values of a and hence the area of ABC.

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Solution

AB=square root of left square bracket left parenthesis a minus 2 right parenthesis ² plus left parenthesis 5 minus 9 right parenthesis ² right square bracket end root equals square root of left parenthesis a ² minus 4 a plus 4 plus 16 right parenthesis end root equals square root of left parenthesis a ² minus 4 a plus 20 right parenthesis end root
BC=square root of left square bracket left parenthesis 5 minus a right parenthesis ² plus left parenthesis 5 minus 5 right parenthesis ² right square bracket end root equals square root of left parenthesis 25 minus 10 a plus a ² right parenthesis end root
CA=square root of left square bracket left parenthesis 2 minus 5 right parenthesis ² plus left parenthesis 9 minus 5 right parenthesis ² right square bracket end root equals square root of left parenthesis 9 plus 16 right parenthesis end root equals square root of 25 equals 5
Since ABC is a right angled triangle therefore,
A B squared plus B C squared equals A C squared
or, left square bracket square root of left parenthesis a ² minus 4 a plus 20 right parenthesis end root right square bracket ² plus left square bracket square root of left parenthesis 25 minus 10 a plus a ² right parenthesis end root right square bracket ² equals 5 squared
a squared minus 4 a plus 20 plus 25 minus 10 a plus a squared equals 25 space o r comma space 2 a squared minus 14 a plus 45 minus 25 equals 0 space o r comma space 2 a squared minus 14 a plus 20 equals 0 space o r comma space a squared minus 7 a plus 10 equals 0 space o r comma space a squared minus 5 a minus 2 a plus 10 equals 0
or, a(a-5)-2(a-5)=0
or, (a-5)(a-2)=0
∴, either, a-5=0
or, a=5
or, a-2=0
or, a=2
∴, When a=5,
AB=square root of 5 squared minus 4.5 plus 20 end root equals square root of 25 equals 5
BC=square root of 25 minus 10.5 plus 5 ² end root equals square root of 25 minus 50 plus 25 end root equals 0
which is not possible.
Therefore, a=2
AB=square root of 2 squared minus 4.2 plus 20 end root equals square root of 4 minus 8 plus 20 end root equals square root of 16 equals 4
BC=square root of 25 minus 10.2 plus 2 ² end root equals square root of 25 minus 20 plus 4 end root equals square root of 9 equals 3
Area of the right angled triangle ABC is:
fraction numerator left parenthesis A B cross times B C right parenthesis over denominator 2 end fraction
= fraction numerator left parenthesis 4 cross times 3 right parenthesis over denominator 2 end fraction
=6 sq. unit


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