Question

What are the 4 steps of translation?

Answer 1

Translation:

1. The process of forming a polypeptide chain from mRNA codons is known as translation.
2. It takes place in four steps namely, tRNA charging, Initiation, Elongation, and Termination.

Steps of translation:

1. tRNA charging:
   1. The process of attaching an amino acid to its respective transfer RNA (tRNA) is known as amino acid activation, also known as aminoacylation or tRNA charging
2. Initiation:
   1. In the initiation step, the charged tRNA attaches to the start codon (AUG), the small subunit of ribosome binds to the mRNA, and finally, the large ribosomal subunit binds to create the initiation complex.
3. Elongation:
   1. According to the codons found in the mRNA, the polypeptide chain keeps growing.
   2. Each amino acid has a peptide bond attaching it to the growing chain.
   3. Elongation continues till the whole gene is translated.
4. Termination:
   1. When the ribosome reaches a stop codon, such as UAA, UAG, or UGA, translation is finished since these codons lack tRNAs.
   2. When this happens, the translation stops, and the newly produced polypeptide chain is released.