Question

What is protonema with example?

Answer 1

Protonema

1. It's a stage that is creepy, green, branching, and frequently filamentous.
2. In the life cycle of mosses, it is a haploid, autonomous, gametophytic stage.
3. It is made from spores and produces new plants.
4. Similar to the prothallus in ferns, it is the initial filamentous thalloid stage of the gametophyte in mosses and some liverworts.
5. In most mosses, the protonema is a branched system of multicellular filaments rich in chlorophyll that arises straight from the germination spore.
6. Hormones that influence the continued proliferation of newly created cells begin to accumulate during this period.

Examples

1. Funaria
2. Polytrichum
3. Sphagnum.