Question

What is zygotic embryogenesis?

Answer 1

Zygotic embryogenesis:

1. An embryo's ability to germinate and develop into a sporophyte is the result of a developmental process called embryogenesis that begins with the production of a zygote.
2. The term "zygotic embryogenesis" in reference to higher plants refers to the phase of development during which the zygote goes through a series of differentiation processes that result in the production of a mature embryo.
3. The ovule undergoes two rounds of fertilization to create the zygotic embryo, which contains both the endosperm and the plant embryo that will eventually grow into a seed.
4. Zygotic embryogenesis is a natural process.
5. In zygotic embryogenesis, the embryo is formed by sexual reproduction.
6. Through apomixis-related processes, seeds can also grow without fertilization.
7. Pre-globular, globular, heart, torpedo, and cotyledon phases are used to describe the rapid cell division and morphogenesis that occurs during embryogenesis, which begins with a single cell zygote.
8. In the maturation phase, cells produce and store macromolecules (such as proteins, carbohydrates, and oils) that are needed as a "food and energy supply" during germination and seedling growth. The seed coat hardens at this point to help safeguard the embryo and preserve available nutrients.
9. A stage of development that has been arrested or stopped in its growth indicates the end of embryogenesis. Typically, this stage overlaps with dormancy, a crucial stage of growth. Even under ideal environmental conditions, a seed cannot germinate during the time of dormancy until a certain condition is met.