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Question

Which of the following compounds are structural isomers of C5H10O?
(I) 2-methylbutanal
(II) Propyl ethanoate
(III) Pentanal
(IV) Pentanone

A
I and IV
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B
I, II and III
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C
I, III and IV
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D
I and III
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Solution

The correct option is C I, III and IV
For a compound with molecular formula CcHhXxNnOo
Degree of unsaturation=(c+1)h2x2+n2
Where, X = Halogen
c=number of carbon atom
h=number of hydrogen atom
n=number of nitrogen atom
o=number of oxygen atom
In C5H10O
Degree of unsaturation=(5+1)102=1
Compound has one degree of unsaturation, it can be an aldehyde, ketone, unsaturated alcohol, etc., but can't be an ester as it contains two oxygen atoms.
2-methylbutanal and Pentanal are chain isomers of each other.
Aldehyde and ketone are functional isomers. Hence, option c is correct.

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