Glomerular Filtration Mechanism

Q. In a healthy individual, an average of __________ of blood is filtered by the kidneys per minute.

1. 1000 mL
2. 1100 - 1200 mL
3. 1500 mL
4. 125 mL

Q.

Define Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR).

Q.

Explain the autoregulatory mechanism of GFR.

Q. Which is the most abundant type of blood cell in your body?

1. basophils
2. eosinophils
3. neutrophils
4. erythrocytes

Q. Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is the amount of filtrate formed by both the kidneys per minute. GFR in a healthy human is

1. 1100 - 1200 mL/min
2. 1000 - 1100 mL/min
3. 125 mL/min
4. 100 mL/min

Q.

Effective filtration pressure in the glomerulus in the kidney of man is about:

1. + 50 mm Hg

2. + 75 mm Hg

3. + 80 mm Hg

4. 10 to 25 mm Hg

Q. The sequence of layers through which the filtration of blood takes place in nephron is.

1. endothelium of glomerular blood vessels, epithelium of Bowman’s capsule, basement membrane.
2. epithelium of Bowman’s capsule, endothelium of glomerular blood vessels, basement membrane.
3. endothelium of glomerular blood vessels, basement membrane, epithelium of Bowman’s capsule.
4. epithelium of Bowman’s capsule, basement membrane, endothelium of glomerular blood vessels.

Q.

Read the following statements and find out the incorrect statement.

$a.$ Kidney plays very significant role in the removal of $N{H}_3.$

$b.$ Terrestrial adaptation necessitated the production of more toxic nitrogenous wastes like urea and uric acid for conservation of water.

$c.$ Some amount of urea may be retained in the kidney matrix of some of the ureotelic animals to maintain a desired osmolarity.

$d.$ Uricotelic animals excrete nitrogenous wastes as uric acid in the form of pellet or paste with a minimum loss of water.

1. a and b
2. c and d
3. a and d
4. b and c

Q.

The liquid which collects in the cavity of Bowmans capsule is:

1. concentrated urine

2. blood plasma minus blood proteins

3. glycogen and water

4. use bile for excretion

Q.

Read the assertion and reason carefully to mark the correct option in question.

Assertion: The epithelial cells of Bowman's capsule called podocytes are arranged in an intricate manner so as to leave some minutes spaces called filtration slits or slit pores.

Reason: Ultra filtration is the first step of urine formation.

1. If assertion is true but reason is false.

2. If both assertion and reason are true and the reason is the correct explanation of the assertion.

3. If both assertion and reason are false.

4. If both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the correct explanation of the assertion.

Q.

The composition of glomerular filtrate and urine is noit same . Comment.

Q. Choose the incorrect statement from the following statements
I) GFR in a healthy individual is approximately 125 ml/hr.
II) During urine formation, the tubular cells secrete substances like $H^{+}$, $K^{+}$ and ammonia into the filtrate.
III) On an average, 1100-1200 ml of blood is filtered by the kidneys per minute.
IV) Substances like glucose, amino acids, $N{a}^{+}$ in the filtrate are reabsorbed by passive transport.

1. I and III
2. I only
3. II and III
4. I and IV

Q. Find the correct statements about glomerular filtrate
I) Formed continuously through ultrafiltration of blood.
II) Amino acid and urea is not present in the lumen of Bowman’s capsule
III) Protein free fluid collects in the lumen of Bowman’s capsule
IV) Formed by the process of selective reabsorption.

1. I, II and III
2. III and IV
3. I and III
4. II and IV

Q. Blood from the glomerulus is carried away by

1. efferent arteriole
2. afferent arteriole
3. vena cava
4. aorta

Q. Rate of glomerular filtration per minute in an adult human being is

1. 25 mL
2. 425 mL
3. 225 mL
4. 125 mL

Q. What is the normal value of GFR in humans?

1. 155 ml/min
2. 125 ml/min
3. 180 ml/min
4. 180 ml/day

Q. Renin is released from

1. juxtaglomerular apparatus
2. cortical nephron
3. collecting duct
4. pelvis

Q.

Vein having the highest concentration of urea is?

Q. Identify the correct equation to define EFP?

1. Aminotelism
2. Uricotelism
3. Ammonotelism
4. Ureotelism

Q.

If a man takes large amount of protein, he is likely to excrete more amount of:

1. Urea and uric acid

2. Salts

3. Glucose

4. Water

Q. The amount of urine formed per day is

1. 1.5 litres
2. 4 litres
3. 3 litres
4. 2.5 litres

Q. Human heart is enclosed in a double walled sac called

1. Pleura
2. Pericardium
3. Glisson’s capsule
4. Peritoneum

Q.

Name two actively transported substances in glomerular filtrate.

Q.

Smell in urine is because of ?

Q. GFR of a health person is

1. 125 ml/hr
2. 125 ml/min
3. 125 L/hr
4. 125 L/min

Q.

Blood enters the glomerulus through its ___________ arteriole and leaves the glomerulus through its __________ arteriole.

Q.

Normally in a healthy adult the daily initiate filtrate in the kidney is:

1. 18 L

2. 18L

3. 180 L

4. 9L

Q.

Does ANP increase GFR?

Q.

Which of the following is not correct ?

1. Oncotic pressure - exerted by protein present in the capillary - 30 mmHg

2. Net filtration pressure = GHP + (CHP - OP) = 50 mm of Hg.

3. Glomerular hydrostatic pressure - blood against the wall of glomerular capillaries - 60 mmHg

4. Capsular hydrostatic pressure - exerted by the filtrate in the Bowman's space - 20 mmHg.

Q. Ultrafilration occurs due to

1. active transport
2. none of the above
3. high blood pressure
4. low blood pressure