The process by which the features of an organism are passed on from one generation to another is called heredity. Gregor Johann Mendel is known as the Father of Genetics, and his laws are mentioned in this chapter. Heredity, genes, evolution and classification are the fundamentals of this chapter.
The theories of evolution, its types and laws of inheritance are described in the chapter. It also covers a wide range of examples of different kinds of heredity and evolution. Moreover, the genes that are carried to the next generation and how human life has evolved for years are described in Chapter 3.
Lakhmir Singh Solutions for Class 10 Biology Chapter 3
Access Lakhmir Singh Solutions for Class 10 Biology Chapter 3
Page 141
Very Short Answer Questions
1. Which life process ensures that a plant or animal species will not disappear from this earth?
Answer
The process of reproduction ensures that a plant or animal species does not disappear from Earth.
2. What is the name of the reproductive process :
(a) which involves two parents?
(b) which involves only one parent?
Answer
(a) Sexual reproduction
(b) Asexual reproduction
3. State whether the following statement is true or false:
Spores produced by the bread mould plant are actually its seeds.
Answer
True.
4. Most of the plants reproduce by sexual method. Name two plants which can reproduce asexually.
Answer
Hydra and Ferns reproduce asexually through vegetative reproduction.
5. Which type of reproduction :
(a) involves gametes?
(b) does not involve gametes?
Answer
(a) Sexual reproduction
(b) Asexual reproduction
6. State whether human beings reproduce by sexual method or asexual method.
Answer
Human beings reproduce sexually.
7. (a) Name two animals which reproduce sexually.
(b) Name two animals which reproduce asexually.
Answer
(a) Two animals which reproduce sexually are cow and dog.
(b) Two animals which reproduce asexually are Planaria and Sponges.
8. Name one organism which reproduces by spore formation.
Answer
Protozoa reproduces through spore formation.
9. Name the method by which Paramecium reproduces. Is this method sexual or asexual?
Answer
Paramecium reproduces by the method of fission and it is a method of asexual reproduction.
10. Name two plants :
(a) which can be grown from their broken stems.
(b) Which can be grown from their leaves.
Answer
(a) Rose and money plant
(b) Cactus and African violet
11. Name the asexual method of reproduction in yeast.
Answer
Budding is the asexual method of reproduction in yeast.
12. Name the asexual method of reproduction in (a) Hydra, and (b) Plasmodium.
Answer
(a) Budding
(b) Multiple fission
13. What is the name of asexual reproduction method in:
(i) Spirogyra, and (ii) Leishmania?
Answer
(i) Fragmentation
(ii) Binary fission
14. Name the artificial propagation method used for the propagation of (a) rose plants, and (b) apple trees.
Answer
(a) Cutting.
(b) Grafting.
15. Which artificial propagation method is used for the production of jasmine plants?
Answer
The artificial propagation method used for producing jasmine plants is layering.
16. Name the natural method by which strawberry plants are propagated.
Answer
The natural method by which strawberry plants are propagated by layering.
17. Name two plants which are propagated by layering method.
Answer
Jasmine and strawberry are propagated by layering.
18. Name any two plants which are propagated by cuttings method.
Answer
Rose and grapes plants are propagated by the cutting method.
19. Write down the different methods of asexual reproduction.
Answer
The different methods of asexual reproduction are:
- Fission
- Budding
- Spore formation
- Regeneration
- Fragmentation, and
- Vegetative reproduction
20. Why are budding, fragmentation and regeneration, all considered to be asexual type of reproduction?
Answer
Budding, fragmentation and regeneration are considered to be the different types of asexual reproduction because these methods require one parent and no gamete formation.
21. Fill in the following blanks with suitable words :
(a) the process of_________ ensures continuity of life on earth.
(b) Plasmodium reproduces by the process of _________ fission whereas Paramecium reproduces by the process of _________ fission.
(c) Rose plants and sugar cane crop are usually grown by the _________method.
(d) Vegetative reproduction of potato plants is done by using_________
(e) Strawberry plants are propagated by the natural_________ method.
Answer
(a) The process of reproduction ensures continuity of life on Earth.
(b) Plasmodium reproduces by the process of multiple fission, whereas Paramecium reproduces by the process of binary fission.
(c) Rose plants and sugarcane are usually propagated by the cutting method.
(d) Vegetative reproduction of a potato plant is done by using its tuber.
(e) Strawberry plants are propagated by the natural layering method.
Short Answer Type Questions
22. (a) What is the basic difference between asexual reproduction and sexual reproduction?
(b) Which of the following organisms reproduce by sexual method and which by asexual method?
Amoeba, Cats, Humans, Hydra, Birds
Answer
(a)
| Sexual Reproduction | Asexual Reproduction |
| Requires two parents | Requires only one parent |
| Gametes are formed | Gamete formation not required |
(b) Amoeba and Hydra reproduce asexually. Cats, humans and birds reproduce sexually.
23. (a) What is meant by regeneration? Name two animals which can regenerate fully from their cut body parts.
(b) Explain why, more complex multicellular organisms cannot give rise to new organisms through regeneration.
Answer
(a) The process in which an organism can produce new organisms from its damaged body parts is called regeneration. Organisms that can regenerate fully from their lost body parts star fish and salamanders.
(b) Complex multicellular organisms cannot give rise to new organism because the tissue and specialised cell make up the organs in the body. Due to this high degree of specialisation, multicellular organisms cannot reproduce by regeneration of a part of some tissue.
24. Explain vegetative propagation with the help of two examples. List two advantages of vegetative propagation.
Answer
The process in which new plants grow from the parts of other plants such as roots, shoots and leaves, without involving any reproductive organ, is called vegetative propagation. For example, tuber of potato, rizome of ginger.
The advantages of vegetative propagation are:
- Plants are genetically identical to their parents
- Plants can be cultivated faster
25. (a) What is meant by the term ‘artificial propagation of plants’?
(b) Name three common methods which are used for the artificial propagation of plants.
(c) Name two plants which are usually propagated by artificial propagation methods. Name the method of artificial propagation used in each case.
(a) The process of growing a plant from several from the man methods is called artificial propagation.
(b) Cutting, layering and grafting are the three common methods of artificial propagation.
(c)Sugar cane is grown by the cutting and jasmine is grown by layering.
26. Describe the layering method for the artificial propagation of plants. Illustrate your answer with the help of a labelled diagram. Name any five plants which are propagated by the layering method.
Answer
In this method, a young branch is bent and pressed into moist soil. After some time roots develop from the covered part. This is called a layer. Now the branch can be cut from the parent and a new plant is produced. This method is used to propagate plants such as jasmine, black raspberries.
27.(a) What is meant by the term ‘fission’ as used in biology?
(b) How does binary fission differ from multiple fission?
(c) Name one organism which reproduces by binary fission and another which reproduces by multiple fission.
(d) State whether the above named organisms are animals or plants.
Answer
(a) The process of asexual reproduction in which a unicellular organism divides to form two daughter cells.
(b) In binary fission, the parental cell divides into two daughter cells. In multiple fission, the parent organism keeps on dividing for innumerable times giving rise to many offsprings.
(c) Amoeba reproduces by binary fission and Plasmodium reproduces by multiple fission.
(d) Organisms named above are protozoa thus, they are animals.
28. (a) Can you consider cell division as a type of reproduction in unicellular organisms? Give reason.
(b) What is a clone? Why do offsprings formed by asexual reproduction exhibit remarkable similarity?
Answer
(a) The cell division in unicellular organisms, cell division can be considered as reproduction, because it produces two independent daughter cells identical to their parent.
(b) Clones are the genetically identical organisms. Offsprings formed by asexual reproduction exhibit remarkable similarity because the genes are transformed from only one parent since only single parent is involved in asexual production.
29.(a) The yeast cells fail to multiply in water but they multiply rapidly in sugar solution. Give one reason for it.
(b) Why does bread mould grow profusely on a moist slice of bread but not on a dry slice of bread?
Answer
(a) Yeast being a non-green plant it cannot prepare its own food. In water, there is no source of energy for yeast to reproduce. In a sugar solution it grows as sugar acts as a source of energy.
(b) A moist slice of a bread provides all the necessary conditions needed by the spores of the bread mould to germinate. Hence, bread mould grow profusely on a moist slice of bread.
30. (a) What is a tuber? Name one stem tuber and one root tuber.
(b) What is name of the organ of propagation present in a tuber?
(c) Name one commonly used vegetable which is propagated by using tubers.
Answer
(a) The thickened and swollen stem or root of a plant that stores food for the plant and is grown underground, is called a tuber. For example, potato is a stem tuber
(b) The organ of propagation present in a tuber is the bud or eye.
(c) Potato is propagated through its tuber.
31. (a) What is meant by vegetative propagation?
(b) Vegetative propagation involves the growth and development of ‘something’ present in the old part of the plant to form a new plant. What is this ‘something’?
(c) Why do green grass plants spring up in dry fields on their own after the rains?
Answer
(a) The process in which new plants grow from the parts of other plants such as roots, shoots and leaves, without involving any reproductive organ, is called vegetative propagation. For example, tuber of potato, rizome of ginger.
(b) This ‘something’ is any part of plant such as, roots, stems or leaves.
(c) Green plants spring up in dry fields on their own after the rains as the inactive buds in the dried shoots of a grass plant, lying all over the ground, become active and give rise to new plants.
32. (a) Explain how, new Bryophyllum plants can be produced from the leaves of the old plant? Illustrate your answer with the help of a labelled diagram.
(b) How can you grow money plant by vegetative propagation?
Answer
(a) Bryophyllum can be reproduced by vegetative propagation by using either a piece of its stem or leaves. The leaves of a Bryophyllum plant have special buds in their margins which may get detached from the leaves, fall to the ground and then grow to produce a new plant.
(b) Money plant can be grown by vegetative propagation by using a piece of its stem which has at least one leaf on it. One end of the stem is dipped in water and after a few days new roots appear at the point where the leaf was attached. This piece of stem grows gradually into a new money plant.
33. Match the organisms given in column I with the methods of reproduction/propagation given in column II :
| Column I | Column II | |
| (i) Plasmodium | (a) Spore formation | |
| (ii) Spirogyra | (b) Leaves | |
| (iii) Jasmine | (c) Regeneration | |
| (iv) Apple tree | (d) Budding | |
| (v) Bryophyllum | (e) Binary fission | |
| (vi) Potatoes | (f) Layering | |
| (vii) Rhizopus | (g) Fragmentation | |
| (viii) Hydra | (h) Tubers | |
| (ix) Planaria | (i) Cuttings | |
| (x) Leishmania | (j) Multiple fission | |
| (xi) Sugar cane | (k) Grafting | |
| (xii) Rose |
Answer
| (i) Plasmodium – Multiple fission |
| (ii) Spirogyra- Fragmentation |
| (iii) Jasmine- Layering |
| (iv) Apple tree-Grafting |
| (v) Bryophyllum- Leaves |
| (vi) Potatoes-Tubers |
| (vii) Rhizopus- Sporeformation |
| (viii) Hydra- Budding |
| (x) Leishmania- Regeneration |
| (xi) Sugar cane- Cutting |
| (xii) Rose- Cutting |
Long Answer Type Question
34. (a) What is meant by reproduction?
(b) What are the two general methods of reproduction in organisms?
(c) How does an Amoeba reproduce? Describe the process of reproduction in Amoeba with the help of labelled diagrams of different stages in its reproduction process.
(d) What is the name of the process by which Amoeba reproduces?
(e) Name two organisms which reproduce by the same asexual process as that of Amoeba.
Answer
(a) The process in which organisms give birth to new organisms of the same kind is called reproduction.
(b) Asexual and sexual are two general methods of reproduction.
(c) The cell of an amoeba starts dividing after attaining its maximum size. The nucleus of the cell divides first, then the cytoplasm and the single cell divides into two identical cells.
(d) Amoeba reproduces by binary fission.
(e) Leishmania and Paramecium reproduce by binary fission like Amoeba.
35. (a) What is the difference between the two asexual methods of reproduction : fission and fragmentation?
(b) Name one organism which reproduces by fission and another which reproduces by fragmentation.
(c) What is meant by multiple fission? Name one organism which reproduces by the process of multiple fission.
(d) Describe the process of reproduction in Hydra with the help of labelled diagrams. What is the name of this process of reproduction?
(e) Name one unicellular organism which reproduces by the same asexual process as Hydra.
Answer
(a)
| Fission | Fragmentation |
| Fission occurs in unicellular organisms. | Fragmentation occurs in multicellular organisms. |
(b) Amoeba reproduces by binary fission and Spirogyra reproduces by fragmentation.
(c) In multiple fission, the parent cell repeatedly divides to form innumerable organisms at the same time. Plasmodium reproduces by this method.
(d) Hydra reproduces by the method of budding. A small outgrowth called bud is formed on one side of its body by repetitive mitotic division. This bud gradually grows into a full hydra, developing its mouth and tentacles. The new Hydra detaches itself from its parent and start living as a separate organism.
(e) Yeast reproduces by the same method as Hydra, i.e. budding.
36. (a) Name the method by which bread mould (Rhizopus fungus) reproduces. Is this method sexual or asexual?
(b) What is yeast? Describe the process of reproduction in yeast with the help of labelled diagrams.
(c) Name a tiny fresh-water animal which reproduces by the same method as that of yeast? What is this method known as?
(d) Name two marine organisms which also reproduce by the same method as yeast but form colonies.
Answer
(a) The bread mould reproduces by spore formation and it is an asexual mode of reproduction.
(b) Yeast is a microorganism which is classified as a fungus. It is eukaryotic and reproduces by budding. At first a bud appears on the exterior of the cell wall. Later the nucleus of the parent cell divides it into two parts. Then one part of nucleus moves into the bud. Finally the bud separates from the parent yeast.
(c) Hydra reproduces by the same method as yeast, i.e. budding.
(d) Sponges and corals are the two marine animals that reproduce by the same method as yeast.
37. (a) What is meant by ‘grafting’ as a means of propagation in plants?
(b) Define ‘stock’ and ‘scion’.
(c) Describe the grafting method for the artificial propagation of plants with the help of labelled diagrams.
(d) Name two fruit trees which are usually propagated by grafting method.
(e) State two advantages of grafting method of artificial propagation of plants.
(f) What is the difference between the cuttings method and grafting method for the artificial propagation of plants?
(a) Grafting is a method of artificial propagation in which the stem of two plants are cut, one with and the other without roots. Then the stems are then joined together to form a single plant.
(b) The lower portion of the graft, which is the stem and with roots is termed as a stock. The upper portion of the graft, (stem) without roots is termed as a scion.
(c) In this the cut stem of two different plants (One with root and other without root) are joined together in such a way that the two stems join and grow as a single plant.
(d) Peach and Peer trees are propagated by the method of grafting.
(e) The advantage of this method of propagation are:
- Plants with desired characteristics are obtained
- Young stems can be made to flower and bear fruits quickly
(f) Cutting: In this method only one plant is required and the new plant forms is identical to its parent. Example: Banana and Sugar cane
Grafting: In this method, two plants are involved and the new plant has characteristics of both the parents. Example: Apple and apricot
38.(a) What is tissue culture?
(b) Name any four types of ornamental plants which are being produced by tissue culture technique.
(c) What is the importance of DNA copying in reproduction? Explain with an example.
(d) How does reproduction help in providing stability to population of species?
(e) Why is variation during reproduction beneficial to the species but not necessarily for the individual?
Answer
(a) The process of propagating new plants, from a small piece of a plant’s tissue obtained from the growing tip of that plant in a suitable medium is called tissue culture.
(b) Orchids, Dahlia, carnation and Chrysanthemum are propagated by the method of tissue culture.
(c) DNA copying refers to the replication of DNA at the time of cell division. It is important for transfer of genes of parent(s) to the next species of same kind. The continuity of existence of species is based on this factor. This process becomes specifically important in the organisms that reproduce asexually, as in such organisms, only one parent is involved and there is no other source of variation in the DNA of the progeny from the parent.
Example: If a species is able to survive in a suitable water at some temperature. But due to climatic changes, there would be change in water temperature so the species may die and become extinct. But this does not happen in nature as there is always some change in DNA replication is present and some identical species but they although they are similar. Some individuals of this species of bacteria, due to this little variation in their DNA, will be capable of surviving in warmer water, thereby ensuring the continuity of species. This is how variations incorporated in DNA during replication are important.
(d) Reproduction ensures that new offsprings are produced continuously to replace the dying individuals of the population. Thus, it ensures continuity of life and provides stability to the population.
(e) Variation during reproduction ensures that a species can survive and flourish even in adverse conditions. However, these adverse conditions might or might not appear during the life cycle of a specific individual. Thus, it is beneficial to the species but not necessarily for an individual.
39. (a) What is a ‘cutting’ in respect of plants for propagation purposes?
(b) What care should be taken while making a cutting from a plant?
(c) Describe the cuttings method for the artificial propagation of plants. Illustrate your answer with the help of labelled diagrams.
(d) Name any two plants which are usually propagated by the cuttings method.
(a) Cutting is a method of vegetative propagation of plants. It is a means of asexual reproduction.
(b) While cutting a stem from the parent plant it has to be kept in mind that at least a few buds are present on the cutting we want to plant.
(c) In this, a part of a plant, specifically a stem or leaf is cut and planted in the soil. These cuttings are sometimes treated with hormones to induce root development. The new plant is formed from the adventitious roots developing from the cutting.
(d) Rose and sugarcane are propagated by the cutting method.
Multiple Choice Questions
40. Asexual reproduction is :
(a) a fusion of specialized cells
(b) a method by which all types of organisms reproduce
(c) a method producing genetically identical offspring
(d) a method in which more than one parent are involved
Answer
(c) a method of producing genetically identical offsprings
41. One of the following organisms does not reproduce by binary fission. This is:
(a) Amoeba
(b) Plasmodium
(c) Leishmania
(d) Paramecium
Answer
(b) Plasmodium
42. The micro-organism which reproduces by multiple fission is the one which causes the disease known as:
(a) Kala-azar
(b) marasmus
(c) malaria
(d) amoebiasis
Answer
(c) malaria
43. The protozoan having a flagellum at its one end is:
(a) Amoeba
(b) Paramecium
(c) Hydra
(d) Leishmania
Answer
(d) Leishmania
44. In the list of organisms given below, those which reproduce by the asexual method are :
(i) banana
(ii) yak
(iii) yeast
(iv) Amoeba
(a) (ii) and (iv)
(b) (i), (iii) and (iv)
(c) (i) and (iv)
(d) (ii), (iii) and (iv)
Answer
(b) (i), (iii) and (iv)
45. One of the following organisms does not reproduce by budding. This is:
(a) Sponge
(b) Yeast
(c) Hydra
(d) Planaria
Answer
(d) Planaria
46. The disease kala-azar is caused by a micro-organism known as:
(a) Planaria
(b) Leech
(c) Leishmania
(d) Plasmodium
Answer
(c) Leishmania
47. Reproduction is essential for living organisms in order to:
(a) keep the individual organ alive
(b) fulfil their energy requirements
(c) maintain growth
(d) continue the species for ever
Answer
(d) continue the species forever
48. The unicellular organism which reproduces by budding is:
(a) Spirogyra
(b) Hydra
(c) Planaria
(d) Yeast
Answer
(d) Yeast
49. A multicellular organism which reproduces by budding is:
(a) Amoeba
(b) Yeast
(c) Leishmania
(d) Hydra
Answer
(d) Hydra
Question 50:
50. The offsprings formed by asexual reproduction method have greater similarity among themselves because :
(i) asexual reproduction involves only one parent
(ii) asexual reproduction involves two parents
(iii) asexual reproduction involves gametes
(iv) asexual reproduction does not involve gametes
(a) (i) and (ii)
(b) (i) and (iii)
(c) (ii) and (iv)
(d) (i) and (iv)
Answer
(d) (i) and (iv)
51. A simple multicellular animal having tentacles which lives in freshwater usually reproduces by the asexual process of:
(a) binary fission
(b) spore formation
(c) budding
(d) fragmentation
Answer
(c) Budding
52. One of the following does not reproduce by spore formation method. This is:
(a) Rhizopus fungus
(b) Penicillium fungus
(c) Yeast fungus
(d) Mucor fungus
Answer
(c) Yeast fungus
53. The factors responsible for the rapid spreading of bread mould on slices of bread are:
(i) presence of large number of spores in air
(ii) presence of large number of thread-like branched hyphae
(iii) presence of moisture and nutrients
(iv) formation of round shaped sporangia
(a) (i) and (iii)
(b) (ii) and (iv)
(c) (i) and (ii)
(d) (iii) and (iv)
Answer
(a) (i) and (iii)
54. One of the following reproduces by forming spores. This is:
(a) Fern
(b) Planaria
(c) Spirogyra
(d) Potato
Answer
(a) Fern
55. Asexual reproduction through budding takes place in :
(i) Amoeba and Yeast
(ii) Yeast and Hydra
(iii) Hydra and Plasmodium
(iv) Corals and Sponges
(a) (i) and (ii)
(b) only (ii)
(c) (i) and (iii)
(d) (ii) and (iv)
Answer
(d) (ii) and (iv)
56. A feature of reproduction that is common to Amoeba, Yeast and Bacterium is that :
(a) they are all multicellular
(b) they are all unicellular
(c) they reproduce only sexually
(d) they reproduce asexually
Answer
(b) they are all unicellular and (d) they reproduce asexually
57. One of the following organisms does not reproduce by fission. This is:
(a) Amoeba
(b) Leishmania
(c) Planaria
(d) Plasmodium
Answer
(c) Planaria
58. An organism which may be considered to be a kind of plant and reproduces by budding is:
(a) Paramecium
(b) Bread mould
(c) Hydra
(d) Yeast
Answer
(d) Yeast
59. An animal which reproduces by the process of budding is:
(a) Plasmodium
(b) yeast
(c) Hydra
(d) Planaria
Answer
(c) Hydra
60. In Spirogyra, asexual reproduction takes place by:
(a) division of a cell into two cells
(b) breaking up of filaments into smaller bits
(c) division of a cell into many cells
(d) formation of a large number of buds
Answer
(b) breaking up of filaments into smaller bits
61. The ability of a cell to divide into several cells during reproduction in Plasmodium is called:
(a) budding
(b) fragmentation
(c) binary fission
(d) multiple fission
Answer
(d) multiple fission
62. In Rhizopus fungus, the fine thread-like structures spread on the whole surface of slice of bread are called:
(a) rhizoids
(b) stems
(c) roots
(d) hyphae
Answer
(d) hyphae
63. Vegetative propagation refers to the formation of new plants from the following existing organs of the old plants :
(a) stems, roots and flowers
(b) stems, roots and leaves
(c) stems, flowers and fruits
(d) stems, leaves and flower
Answer
(b) stems, roots and leaves
64. The two organisms which can regenerate fully from their cut body parts are:
(a) Paramecium and Hydra
(b) Hydra and Amoeba
(c) Planaria and Leishmania
(d) Hydra and Planaria
Answer
(d) Hydra and Planaria
65. The two types of organisms which produce colonies by the process of budding are:
(a) Hydra and Corals
(b) Yeast and Sponges
(c) Corals and Sponges
(d) Hydra and Yeast
Answer
(c) Corals and sponges
66. Spore formation is the most common asexual method of reproduction in:
(a) protozoa
(b) tubers
(c) fungi
(d) algae
Answer
(c) fungi
67. An alga which reproduces by the asexual reproduction method called fragmentation is:
(a) Rhizopus
(b) Salmonella
(c) Plasmodium
(d) Spirogyra
Answer
(d) Spirogyra
68. The organisms which can reproduce by fragmentation are:
(a) Corals and Sponges
(b) Corals and Spirogyra
(c) sea anemone and Spirogyra
(d) Sponges and Sea anemones
Answer
(c) seas anemone and Spirogyra
69. Binary fission describes the type of reproduction where the organism divides to form :
(a) many spores
(b) two daughters
(c) many buds
(d) two hyphae
Answer
(b) two daughters
70. The cut part of a plant stem (without roots) which is used in grafting is called:
(a) stock
(b) stump
(c) scion
(d) graft
Answer
(c) scion
71. The cut part of plant stem (having roots and fixed to ground) which is used in the process of grafting is known as:
(a) stock
(b) scion
(c) cutting
(d) bud
Answer
(a) stock
72. Multiple fission occurs in one of the following. This is:
(a) bread mould
(b) kala-azar parasite
(c) flatworm
(d) malaria parasite
Answer
(d) malaria parasite
73. An organism having a whip-like structure at one end which reproduces by the process of binary fission is:
(a)Hydra
(b) Paramecium
(c) Leishmania
(d) Plasmodium
Answer
(c) Leishmania
74.A tiny animal having tentacles which reproduces by growing buds on the sides of its body is
(a) Planaria
(b) Yeast
(c) Amoeba
(d) Hydra
Answer
(d) Hydra
75. An organism which can reproduce by two asexual reproduction methods one similar to the reproduction in yeast and the other similar to the reproduction in Planaria is:
(a) Spirogyra
(b) Bryophyllum
(c) Hydra
(d) Sea anemone
Answer
(c) Hydra
76. Stock and scion are involved in the artificial propagation method known as:
(a) tissue culture
(b) layering
(c) grafting
(d) cuttings
Answer
(c) Grafting
77. In asexual reproduction, two offsprings having the same genetic material and the same body features are called:
(a) callus
(b) twins
(c) clones
(d) chromosomes
Answer
(c) clones
78. The method of asexual reproduction in plants in which callus is produced is:
(a) micropropagation
(b) vegetative propagation
(c) regeneration
(d) fragmentation
Answer
(a) micropropagation
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