We have learned about the Indian Constitution, fundamental rights and duties, parliamentary democracy, legislature, executives and judiciary in the previous chapters. In this chapter, we will learn about the importance, powers and functions of the State Government.
What is the State Government?
The government that runs administration in a particular state is known as state government.
The government that runs administration in our country is the Central or the Indian Government.
According to Article 168 of the Indian Constitution, every state in India should have a legislature, which comprises a Governor and assemblies with two houses.
The two assemblies in a state are the legislative assembly and the legislative council.
Legislative Assembly
- It is considered as the lower house of the state legislature.
- The state legislative assembly members are known as MLA – Member of Legislative Assembly or Legislators.
Legislative Council
- It is considered as the upper house of the state legislature.
- The legislative council is dependent on the legislative assembly.
- The legislative council is regarded as the permanent house of the state legislature.
- The members of the state legislative council are known as MLC – Member of the Legislative Council.
In India, there are twenty-eight states and eight union territories.
Out of twenty-eight states, only six states (Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Jammu and Kashmir, Karnataka, Maharashtra, and Uttar Pradesh) have dual houses in the state legislature. Among the eight union territories, only two – Delhi and Pondicherry- have separate legislative assemblies and Council of Ministers with Central Government administration.
Powers and Functions of State Assembly
The powers and functions of state assembly are divided into four categories:
- Financial power
- Executive power
- Legislative power
- Other miscellaneous powers
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