Excess lactic acid is produced when muscles are in spasm. This chemical is a waste product generated by the chemical reaction within the muscle... View Article
The paraspinal muscles are the muscles next to the spine. It supports the spine and is a motor for the movement of the spine. One's joints enable... View Article
One experiences a muscle spasm because the person's muscle tightens up and does not relax. Usually, these spasms take place as a reflex - one... View Article
Low back pain is a common complaint as the lumbar spine is associated with one's pelvis. It is here where most of an individual's weight-bearing... View Article
Lumbar spine is the lowest portion of the spine. It has 5 vertebrae, in some cases, some are born with a 6th vertebra in their lumbar area. The... View Article
Although the cervical spine is highly flexible, it is also a matter of great danger for injury from sudden, strong movements like whiplash-type... View Article
It is the first cervical vertebra, the one sitting between the skull and the remaining part of the spine. The atlas is devoid of a vertebral... View Article
The thoracic spine comprises the middle 12 vertebrae of the spine which connect to the ribs forming a portion of the back wall of the thorax (the... View Article
It is the opening between every two vertebrae where the nerve roots leave the spine. The nerve roots pass through the foramen to reach the other... View Article
At the time of birth, vertebral bodies and neural arches are not yet connected. The primary ossification is concluded in the first year of... View Article
The origin of the spine occurs in the early stages of gestation (during the 3rd and 4th weeks in humans). This happens when an agglomerate of... View Article
From a phylogenetic perspective, jawed fish are the first animals that possess cartilaginous or bony vertebrae. In them, the vertebrae include... View Article
The spinal cord performs the following functions - Facilitates autonomic innervation Transmission of all sensory information coming from the... View Article
The gray matter comprises three types of cells - Funicular cells - are receptors cells (Afferent) extending from gray matter to the white... View Article
The spinal cord comprises the substantia alba (outside myelin-rich white matter) and substantia grisea (inside myelin-poor gray matter). The... View Article
Ventricular fibrillation (VF) is an uncommon arrhythmia in children. It is distinguished by chaotic, asynchronous ventricular activity which does... View Article
Isolated premature atrial contractions (PACs) are comparatively a common sight in small children and infants. The early P waves on the ECG... View Article
In the first-degree atrioventricular (AV) block there is a prolongation of the PR interval beyond the standard range for a particular age. Each... View Article
It is characterized by QRS complexes of morphology which is identical to that of the sinus rhythm without preceding the P waves. Compared to the... View Article
The sinus rhythm during sinus tachycardia occurs at a heart rate above the normal for a particular age. Often, in the perioperative setting, this... View Article
