Central chemoreceptors - these are linked with the respiratory centres. Carbon dioxide combines with water for the formation of carbonic acid.... View Article
Normal breathing is restricted by stretching of the thoracic walls and lungs, a drop in the H+ and carbon dioxide levels, an increase in oxygen... View Article
It is the net amount of air that can be exhaled. On average, Vital capacity is around 5000 ml. The vital capacity can be determined using the... View Article
The air volume contained in the lungs known as lung capacities can be measured with the help of a spirometer which gives information pertaining... View Article
It is the phenomenon through which air is exchanged between the alveoli and the surroundings. The exchange of air is due to the contraction and... View Article
It is an inflated modification in the blood pressure in response to extremes in the dietary intake of salt. It is comparatively common and is... View Article
Kidneys in the body are involved in the following - Influencing the blood pressure by secretion of renin Regulate the blood composition and... View Article
Vitamin D is essential to trigger calcium absorption from the intestine and kidneys. This is found in milk products. Precursors to vitamin D are... View Article
Angiotensin-2 triggers the adrenal gland to release aldosterone - a hormone, which triggers sodium reabsorption in the distal tubule. As a... View Article
Aldosterone causes the kidneys' tubules to elevate the reabsorption of water and sodium in the blood. Such an increase causes the fluid's volume... View Article
Renin is involved in the conversion of angiotensinogen into angiotensin-1. Then, angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), which is found in the... View Article
Macula densa are unique cells found in the cell lining of the distal convulated tubule (DCT) and they regulate major renal functions such as... View Article
In the body, the blood pressure depends on: The volume of blood circulating the body - if the volume is high, ventricles are filled hence... View Article
Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) is a hormone that aids the kidneys to balance the water quantity in the body. This hormone triggers water reabsorption... View Article
Typical human urine constitutes approximately 95% water and 5% solid wastes, produced in nephrons. When the primary urine forms, flows through a... View Article
Low blood pressure is related to increased cardiovascular risk in chronic kidney diseases. Blood is filtered to eliminate excess fluid and... View Article
Blood pressure has an effect on the functioning of the kidneys. If the blood pressure is high, it can narrow and constrict the blood vessels.... View Article
Due to necessity, plants adapt to their environment. Plants are immobile beings, hence they either adapt to their surroundings or wilt and... View Article
The quantity of water required by plants on a daily basis for their development and growth is small relative to the water that is lost due to... View Article
Transpiration is necessary for plants for the following reasons - For plant structure - transpiration aids in maintaining the turgidity in... View Article
