Thermal expansion defines the tendency of an object to change its dimension either in length, area or volume due to heat. When the substance is heated it increases its kinetic energy. Depending on the type of expansion thermal expansion is of 3 types:
- Linear expansion
- Area expansion
- Volume expansion
Linear Expansion
Linear expansion is the change in length due to heat. Linear expansion formula is given as,
\(\frac{\Delta L}{L_{o}}=\alpha _{L}\Delta T\)Where,
L0 = original length,
L = expanded length,
α = length expansion coefficient,
ΔT = temperature difference,
ΔL = change in length
Volume Expansion
Volume expansion is the change in volume due to temperature. Volume expansion formula is given as
\(\frac{\Delta V}{V_{o}}=\alpha _{V}\Delta T\)Where,
V0 = original volume,
V = expanded volume,
αv = volume expansion coefficient,
ΔT = temperature difference,
ΔV = change in volume after expansion
Area Expansion
Area expansion occurs is the change in area due to temperature change. Area expansion formula is given as,
\(\frac{\Delta A}{A_{o}}=\alpha _{A}\Delta T\)Where,
A = original area,
ΔA = change in the area,
αA = area expansion coefficient,
ΔT = temperature difference,
A0 = expanded area.
Solved Examples
Example 1
A rod of length 5 m heated to 40°C. If the length increases to 7 m after some time. Find the expansion coefficient. Room temperature is 30°C.
Solution:
Given:
Initial length Lo = 5 m,
Expanded length L = 7 m
Change in length Δ L = 7 – 5 = 2 m
Temperature difference Δ T = 40°C – 30°C = 10°C
Absolute temperature T = 10°C +273=283 K
The linear expansion formula is given by,
\(\frac{\Delta L}{L_{o}}=\alpha _{L}\Delta T\)∴ Length expansion coefficient is given by,
= 2 / 5 x 283
\(\alpha _{L}=14\times 10^{-4}K^{-1}\)
Frequently Asked Questions – FAQs
Thermal expansion effects which properties of matter?
Shape, volume, area, and density.
What is the coefficient of linear thermal expansion?
The relative expansion of the material divided by the change in temperature is known as the coefficient of linear thermal expansion.
Do all materials have the same expansion coefficients?
No.
Do molecules start to move or vibrate when the substance is heated?
Increase in the volume of a material when the temperature increases are known as?
Thermal expansion.
