Diabetes Mellitus is caused due to the lack of insulin or hyposecretion of insulin. There are two types of diabetes mellitus, i.e. type 1 diabetes mellitus and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Type 1 diabetes mellitus is earlier called insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. It is caused due to loss of beta cells in the pancreas resulting in insufficient production of insulin. Type 2 diabetes mellitus is also sometimes referred to as non-Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. It is caused due to insulin resistance, wherein cells do not respond adequately to insulin leading to an increased level of blood glucose. Diabetes Insipidus is caused by the deficiency of vasopressin or antidiuretic hormone (ADH) secreted by the posterior pituitary gland. It is characterised by polyurea, wherein large amounts of diluted urine is excreted due to inadequate water reabsorption by kidney tubules. The table below will help you understand the major differences between the two.
Also Read: Insulin and Glucagon
Diabetes Mellitus And Diabetes Insipidus – Differences
| Diabetes Mellitus | Diabetes Insipidus |
| Deficiency | |
| Insulin | ADH |
| Type of disorder | |
| Pancreatic | Hypothalamic |
| Blood sugar level | |
| High | Normal |
| Ketone formation | |
| Occurs | Does not occur |
| Urine concentration | |
| Normal | Very dilute |
| Excretion of sugar in the urine | |
| May happen | No |
| Symptoms | |
| Feeling extremely thirsty, excessive eating and urine production | Thirsty, excretion of large amounts of diluted urine, and dehydration |
Also Read: Human Insulin
These were some of the important differences between Diabetes Mellitus and Diabetes Insipidus. For more information on different types of Diabetes Mellitus, keep visiting BYJU’S Biology website.
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