# Matrices For Class 12

Matrices are one of the most powerful tool, which has various application such as in solving linear equations, in budgeting, sales projection, cost estimation, etc. Before going into the concepts let us know what are matrices.

A matrix is an ordered rectangular array of numbers or functions. These numbers or functions are known as the elements of the matrix.

Order of a matrix $m \times n$ is defined as the ‘m’ number of horizontal rows and ‘n’ number of vertical column.

$\begin{bmatrix} 3 & 2 & 1 \\ 6 & 5 & 4 \end{bmatrix}$

In the matrix above, m = 2 and n = 3. Hence the matrix is of the order $2 \times 3$..

Types of Matrices-

Depending upon the order and elements, matrices are classified as,

(i) Column Matrix

(ii) Row Matrix

(iii) Square Matrix

(iv) Diagonal Matrix

(v) Scalar Matrix

(vi) Identity Matrix

(vii) Zero Matrix

Equality of Matrices-

Two matrices are said to be equal if-

(i) The order of both the matrices are same

(ii) Each element of one matrix is equal to the corresponding element of the other matrix.

#### Practise This Question

In=10xntan1xdx. If anIn+2+bnIn=cn  nϵN,n1 then