RBSE Class 12 Biology Chapter 8- Mineral Nutrition In Plants. In this chapter, students can learn in detail about the necessity of mineral nutrients in plants, essential elements of plants, macro and micronutrients. It also deals with the mechanism of absorption of mineral salts, passive and active absorption, mineral deficiency in plants, hydroponics, vermiculite and its features.
These important questions help students to perform exceptionally well in their exams. By practising these important questions, students can analyze their preparation, get a thorough knowledge about all the important terminologies and perform their best in the examinations.
RBSE Solutions for Class 12 are the best study material for both class assignments and other board examinations. By practising these important questions, students can gain deep knowledge about the topics explained in this chapter and also help them to be well prepared for their upcoming examinations.
RBSE Class 12 Biology Chapter 8 Important Questions
RBSE Biology Chapter 8: MCQ Type Questions
Q.1. Which of the following elements are called micronutrients?
(a) Molybdenum, Copper, Zinc and calcium.
(b) Magnesium, Sulphur, Potassium and Phosphorus.
(c) Manganese, Zinc, Copper and Magnesium.
(d) Manganese, Molybdenum, Copper and Zinc.
Sol:(d) Manganese, Molybdenum, Copper and Zinc.
Q.2. Which of the following concepts explain the process of passive absorption of minerals in plants?
(a) Carrier concept.
(b) Ion-exchange theory.
(c) Cytochrome pump concept.
(d) Electrochemical gradient hypothesis
Sol:(b) Ion-exchange theory.
Q.3. Which of the following is the function of the Molybdenum element in plants?
(a) Flowering.
(b) Photosynthesis.
(c) Nitrogen fixation.
(d) Water absorption.
Sol:(c) Nitrogen fixation.
Q.4. Which of the following elements causes Little leaf disorder in plants?
(a) Nickel.
(b) Magnesium.
(c) Manganese.
(d) Molybdenum.
Sol:(d) Molybdenum.
Q.5.Which of the following elements causes reduced flowering in plants?
(a) Zinc.
(b) Boron.
(c) Sulphur.
(d) Manganese.
Sol:(a)Zinc.
Q.6.Which of the following elements is the most important for the transportation of carbohydrates in plants?
(a) Iron.
(b) Zinc.
(c) Boron.
(d) Molybdenum.
Sol: (c)Boron.
Q.7. Mineral elements are usually absorbed by ________.
(a) Active absorption.
(b) Passive absorption.
(c) Mineral salt absorption.
(d) Both active and passive absorption.
Sol: (a) Active absorption.
Q.8. Which of the following elements are called Immobile nutrients?
(a) Copper, Sulphur, Iron and Manganese.
(b) Calcium, Boron, Copper and Sulphur.
(c) Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Iron and Manganese.
(d) Phosphorus, Potassium, Zinc and Molybdenum.
Sol:(a) Copper, Sulphur, Iron and Manganese.
Q.9. The total number of essential elements required for the normal growth and completion of the life cycle in plants is ________.
(a) 60.
(b) 27.
(c) 17.
(d) 105.
Sol:(b) 27
Q.10. Which of the following elements is found in chlorophyll pigment?
(a) Iron.
(b) Manganese.
(c) Magnesium.
(d) Potassium.
Sol:(c)Magnesium.
RBSE Biology Chapter 8:Short Answer Type Questions.
Q.1. What are the Nutrients?
Sol. Nutrients are the compounds present in food that are essential to health and life and provide energy to carry out daily activities. They act as the building blocks of the body and help to carry out chemical processes. There are two different types of nutrients in plants – Macro and micronutrient elements.
Q.2. What are the essential elements of plants?
Sol. There are many mineral elements, which are essential for the proper functioning of the cell and tissues in plants. There are about sixty elements present within the plant’s body. Out of which only 17 elements are essential for the functioning, growth and development of plants. These elements are collectively known as essential elements.
Q.3. What is Hydroponics?
Sol. Hydroponic can be defined as a process of growing plants in a defined nutrient solution, in the absence of soil. This process helps in studying the effect of adding or removing any particular mineral element and deficiency symptoms of essential elements.
Q.4. What is the importance of essential elements to plants?
Sol. The importance of essential elements to plants are:
- It helps in the metabolism of the plant.
- It is necessary for growth and development.
- The essential elements are necessary for the completion of the life-cycle in plants.
Q.5. What are Deficiency Symptoms?
Sol. In plants, the deficiency symptoms are defined as the disorders caused when the essential elements are below the required concentration. During these deficiency symptoms, plants show certain morphological and observation characters.
Q.6. What is Vermiculite?
Sol. Vermiculite is defined as an amount of mineral substance found in nature. It is lightweight, heat resistant, chemically inert and a sterile substance which has a capacity of holding water more than the soil. This product is used as in culturing plants by heating in a furnace at 2000°F. This technique is called Vermiculoponics.
Q.7. What are the different types of Nutrients?
Sol. Based on the requirement by plants, nutrients are divided into two different types.
- Micronutrients – These nutrients are required in very small quantities.
- Macronutrients- These nutrients are required in large quantities as plant cells cannot produce by itself.
Q.8. What are the mechanisms of water absorption in plants?
Sol. Plants absorb mineral salt from the soil in the form of ions- cation and anions.The mechanism of mineral absorption are of different types.
Passive Absorption
In this theory of mineral absorption, elements enter the cell from the soil solution along with their electrochemical potential gradient without any expenditure of cellular metabolic energy.
Active Absorption
In this theory of mineral absorption, elements move against the concentration gradient or the electrochemical potential and metabolic energy of the cell is used in this process. This process requires ATP molecules.
Q.9. What are the non-essential elements of plants?
Sol. There are about sixty elements present within the plant’s body. Out of which only 17 elements are essential elements for plants and other remaining elements are called the non-essential elements because these elements are no more required by the plants and in some rare cases, these non-essential elements may become toxic for plants.
Q.10. What is Carbonic Acid Exchange Theory?
Sol. The Carbonic Acid Exchange Theory is a theory put forward to explain the theory of Ion exchange in plants.
In this theory, carbon dioxide is produced in the root cells due to respiration, which combines with water to form carbonic acid. The formed carbonic acid immediately dissociates into H+ ions and HCO3 ions. The H+ ions thus formed are exchanged with the cations on the clay particles.
Q.11. List out the function of Phosphorus, Potassium and calcium in plants.
Sol. Phosphorus, Potassium and calcium are the essential elements, which play an important role in a plant’s life cycle.
Phosphorus (P) is required for the formation of ATP molecules. It is also important for opening and closing of stomata, photosynthesis, normal growth of fruits and seeds.
Potassium(K) is mainly required for anion neutralisation, enzyme activation and osmotic potential.
Calcium(Ca) plays a vital role in the transportation of cell division, cell elongation, transportation of carbohydrates and combination of nucleic acids with proteins.
Q.12. What are Micronutrients in Plants?
Sol. There are seven essential micronutrients in plants. Some nutrients control the permeability of a cell membrane and others control the osmotic pressure, buffer action, etc. Boron (B), Zinc (Zn), Manganese (Mn), Iron (Fe), Copper (Cu), Molybdenum (Mo), Chlorine (Cl) are some of the important micronutrients in plants. Lack of any of these nutrients affects growth and development and results in other deficiency disorders.
Q.13. What is a water culture experiment?
Sol. It is a method used to study the necessity of mineral nutrients in plants.
In this method, the healthy plants are unrooted from the soil and placed into a nutrient solution and supplied with the oxygen by aerator through the tube into the solution, as the solution lacks oxygen. This complete process is called hydroponics.
Q.14. How are essential elements classified?
Sol. Essential elements are classified based on their functions in plants, which includes:
- Structural elements
- Enzyme activators
- Energy related elements
- Elements that balance the osmotic process in plant cells.
Q.15.What is mineral salt absorption?
Sol. Mineral salt absorption, defined as the absorption of mineral salt from the soil solution in the form of ions by a young part of the root is called the mineral salt absorption. This process of absorption takes place with the help of metabolic energy and the complete process is called the active absorption of minerals.
Q.16. What is Ion exchange?
Sol. An ion exchange is the process of mineral absorption. In this process, the ions are adsorbed on the root surface of plants, where roots exchange with the ions of the same charge from the soil solution.
Q.17. Illustrate the experiment of water culture experiment with a labelled diagram.
Sol.
Q.18. What is sand culture?
Sol. Sand culture is a method of growing plants hydroponically, without the use of soil. In this method, the variation of gravel culture is used primarily to anchor plants in the grow bed or tray. This method is used in hydroponics and is one of the most affordable types of soilless growing methods.
Q.19. What are the Deficiency symptoms of Manganese, Zinc, Copper and Molybdenum?
Sol. The Deficiency symptoms are caused when the essential elements are below the required concentration in plants.
Deficiency symptoms of Mn– manganese are: chlorosis in young and matured leaves, limited development of leaves, grey speck of oat and marsh spot on the pea plants.
Deficiency symptoms of Zn-zinc are: Little leaf disease, stunted plans, white necrotic areas on leaves and malformation of phloem.
Deficiency symptoms of Cu-copper are: Die-back disease, whitening of the leaf tip and distortion of the leaves.
Deficiency symptoms of Mo-molybdenum are: Chlorosis in young leaves, mottling of lower leaves and reduced flowering in plants.
Q.20. What is Toxicity of Micronutrients?
Sol. Any mineral ion concentration that reduces the dry weight of tissues by 10% is considered toxic. The toxicity of micronutrients leads to the deficiency of other elements.
For example; Manganese (Mn) competes with Iron (Fe) and Magnesium (Mg) for uptake and also inhibits Calcium (Ca) translocation to shoot apex. Therefore, manganese (Mn) toxicity symptoms are actually the same as deficiency symptoms of other elements – Fe, Mg, and Ca.
RBSE Biology Class 12: Long Answer Type Questions
Q.1. Brief out the role of macro and micronutrients in plants.
Sol. There are many mineral elements, which are essential for the proper functioning of the cell and tissues in plants. These essential elements play an important role in the physiological process of plants. This physiological process includes the permeability of the cell membrane, regulation of osmotic pressure, electron transfer, the balance of biochemical reactions, buffer actions, storing of food and other minerals, etc. Here is a tabular column with a list of essential elements along with its functions.
| Essential Elements. | Functions. |
| Carbon(C), Hydrogen(H)
Oxygen(O) |
They are non-mineral nutrients, which are abundantly available for the plants in the form of dissolved gas and water. Life is impossible without carbon, oxygen and hydrogen. These three non-mineral nutrients form the basic structures of plants. |
| Nitrogen(N) | Required for the proper functioning of all metabolic activities in plants cells and tissues. |
| Phosphorus(P) | Required for the formation of ATP molecules. It is also important for opening and closing of stomata, photosynthesis, normal growth of fruits and seeds. |
| Calcium(Ca) | It plays a vital role in the transportation of cell division, cell elongation, transportation of carbohydrates and combination of nucleic acids with proteins. |
| Potassium(K) | It is mainly required for anion neutralisation, enzyme activation and osmotic potential. |
| Magnesium(Mg) | They are the main components of chlorophyll |
| Sulphur(S) | It is involved in the synthesis of amino acids and protein synthesis. |
| Iron(Fe) | It plays a vital role in cell division, respiration and is used as a catalyst in Krebs cycle. |
| Manganese(Mn) | This element is a catalyst for respiration, nitrogen metabolism, and plays an important role in the photolysis of water. |
| Boron(B) | It is involved in the transportation of carbohydrates, germination of pollen grains and cell division. |
| Zinc(Zn) | It plays a main role in the synthesis of plant growth hormone- auxin. |
| Copper(Cu) | It is the main component of plastocyanin and acts as an electron carrier during the process of photosynthesis. |
| Molybdenum(Mo) | It is the main factor of enzyme nitrogenase and nitrate reductase that fixes nitrogen. |
| Chlorine(Cl) | It helps in the carbohydrate metabolism and balancing the electrical charges. |
| Nickel(Ni) | It is the main component of the urease enzyme. |
Q.2. Brief out the plant ash analysis.
Sol. The method of plant ash analysis is used to determine the presence of a relative amount of essential elements in plants. There are different methods used to know the necessity of minerals in the plant. The analysis of plant ash is one of the most important methods.
- In this method of analysis, a fresh plant is selected, dried at 70 to 80°C in the oven, almost for two to three days until the water present in the plants is driven off.
- The plant is weighed and its dry weight is obtained.
- The main constituents of the dry matter are – Polysaccharides, proteins, fats, lignin, organic acids and other essential elements.
- The obtained dry matter of the plant is burnt in a furnace at 600°C.
- As a result, all organic compounds are oxidized and are driven off in the form of gases – carbon dioxide(CO2), sulphur dioxide (SO2), ammonia (NH3), etc.
- The remaining material is called the plant ash and it contains only the mineral elements.
The relative amount of the various minerals can be determined by the analysis of this ash. This method only shows the presence of different elements in plants but does not decide the necessity of the elements.
Q.3. Describe the importance of nitrogen for plants along with the symptoms caused by a deficiency of nitrogen in plants.
Sol. In all higher plants, nitrogen element is used in the synthesis of amino acids, chlorophyll pigments, proteins, nucleic acids-DNA and RNA and other organic compounds. Nitrogen also helps in the regulation of growth in plants and also the respiration process in plants. Nitrogen is an essential element, which is required more in actively growing cells and buds.
The deficiency symptoms of nitrogen element are:
- Stunted or reduced growth in plants.
- Degradation of chlorophyll in plant cells.
- Chlorosis of leaves in young and old leaves.
- Reduced rate of cell division and protein synthesis.
- The appearance of the pinkish colour on the leaves caused due to the formation of anthocyanin pigments.
Q.4. Write the difference between passive and active absorption of minerals in plants.
Sol. In plants, mineral salts are absorbed from the soil in the form of ions by meristematic zone and elongation zone of the roots. There are two main processes involved in the absorption of mineral salts. Passive and Active absorption.
Difference between passive and active absorption of minerals in plants.
| Active Absorption of Minerals | Passive Absorption of Minerals |
| Ions are absorbed along with their electrochemical gradient. | Ions are accumulated against their electrochemical gradient. |
| It is a chemical and non-spontaneous process. | It is a spontaneous process. |
| This process requires energy. | This process does not require energy. |
| Requires specific carrier proteins. | Does not require specific carrier molecules. |
| Rate of mineral absorption depends on respiration. | Rate of mineral absorption is independent of respiration. |
| Causes salt accumulation in the cells | Does not cause salt accumulation in the cells. |
| Movement of ions occurs against the concentration gradient. | Movement of ions occurs along the concentration gradient. |
| Movement of ions proceeds toward the equilibrium constant. | Movement of ions does not proceed toward the equilibrium constant. |
Q.5. Define the term: Chlorosis and Necrosis.
Sol.
Chlorosis
Chlorosis is defined as the condition caused due to the degradation of chlorophyll pigments in the leaves. During the chlorosis condition, leaves become decolourized and turn from green to pale yellow colour. The deficiency of magnesium (Mg), nitrogen (N), iron (Fe) and manganese (Mn) results in the chlorosis condition in plants.
Necrosis
Necrosis is defined as the condition caused due to the degradation of cells of plant tissues. During the necrosis condition, leaves show spots, rotting and blight symptoms. The deficiency of magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), copper (Cu) and potassium (K) results in the Necrosis condition in plant cells.
Q.6. Write a brief note on mineral nutrition in plants.
Sol. Plants obtain their nutrients from their surroundings, which are required for the normal growth, development and completion of the life cycle. The use of these minerals in the nutrition of plants is called mineral nutrition.
There are two different types of mineral nutrition in plants- Macro and micronutrients in plants. Apart from these macro and micro nutrition, there are essential and nonessential elements. Out of 105 elements found on earth, 60 elements are found in plants and among which 17 elements are called the essential elements, which are important for the growth and development of the plant. The below tabular column provides the complete details of 17essential elements along with their functions and deficiency disorders in plants.
- Nitrogen(N)
Functions- Required for the proper functioning of all metabolic activities in plants cells and tissues.
Deficiency Disorders- Causes chlorosis in leaves, stunted growth in plants, increases dormancy in lateral buds, decomposition of chlorophyll.
- Phosphorus(P)
Functions -Required for the formation of ATP molecules. It is also important for opening and closing of stomata, photosynthesis, normal growth of fruits and seeds,
Deficiency Disorders- Stunted growth, distorted leaves, the formation of the necrotic region in leaves.
- Calcium(Ca)
Functions –It plays a vital role in the transportation of cell division, cell elongation, transportation of carbohydrates and combination of nucleic acids with proteins.
Deficiency Disorders- Causes chlorosis in leaves, cell elongation is effected, the flexibility of the cell wall diminishes.
- Potassium(K)
Functions-It is mainly required for anion neutralisation, enzyme activation and osmotic potential.
Deficiency Disorders- Causes chlorosis and mottled in leaves, the growth of the stem is stopped and appears bushy.
- Magnesium(Mg)
Functions-They are the main components of chlorophyll
Deficiency Disorders- Causes chlorosis in interveinal and the formation of red, orange and yellow spots on the leaves.
- Sulphur(S)
Functions-It is involved in the synthesis of amino acids and protein synthesis.
Deficiency Disorders- Causes chlorosis in leaves and stunted growth in plants.
- Iron(Fe)
Functions-It plays a vital role in cell division, respiration, and used as a catalyst in Krebs cycle.
Deficiency Disorders- Causes chlorosis in young leaves, the process of photosynthesis, cell division stops, rate of plant growth, protein synthesis and respiration are reduced.
- Manganese(Mn)
Functions –This element is a catalyst for respiration, nitrogen metabolism, and plays an important role in the photolysis of water.
Deficiency Disorders- Causes chlorosis in young and matured leaves, limited development of leaves and other disorders like grey speck of oat, marsh spot on the pea plants, etc.
- Boron(B)
Functions –It is involved in the transportation of carbohydrates, germination of pollen grains and cell division.
Deficiency Disorders- Dark green thick leaves, reduction of the total number of sterile flowers and degeneration of tissues.
- Zinc(Zn)
Functions –It plays a main role in the synthesis of plant growth hormone- auxin. Functions-
Deficiency Disorders- Plants are stunted, white necrotic areas are seen on leaves and malformation of phloem. Little leaf is a rare disorder found in all plants with zinc deficiency symptoms.
- Copper(Cu)
Functions –It is the main component of plastocyanin and acts as an electron carrier during the process of photosynthesis.
Deficiency Disorders- Die-back disease is found in all plants with copper deficiency symptoms. Other disorders include whitening of the leaf tip and distortion of the leaves.
- Molybdenum(Mo)
Functions-It is the main factor of enzyme nitrogenase and nitrate reductase that fixes nitrogen.
Deficiency Disorders- Causes chlorosis in young leaves, mottling of lower leaves and reduced flowering in plants.
- Chlorine(Cl)
Functions-In helps in the carbohydrate metabolism and balancing the electrical charges.
Deficiency Disorders- Spotted chlorosis in leaves, degeneration of leaves, and reduced fruit formation.
- Nickel(Ni)
Functions-It is the main component of the urease enzyme.
Deficiency Disorders- Neither the components of this element nor the deficiency of nickel elements are known.
Q.7. Write a detailed account of the mechanisms of Passive Absorption.
Sol. Plants absorb mineral salt from the soil in the form of ions- cation and anions.The mechanism of mineral absorption are of different types- Passive and ActiveAbsorption.
Passive Absorption
In this theory of mineral absorption, elements enter the cell from the soil solution along with their electrochemical potential gradient without any expenditure of cellular metabolic energy.
There are three different types of theories to support the passive absorption in plants:
Mass flow hypothesis
According to this theory, under the influence of transpiration pull, mineral ions, are also observed along with the stream of water. Mass flow hypothesis is also called the bulk flow hypothesis. It is the unidirectional movement of molecules or ions through the root along with a stream of water due to the suction force created by the transpiration pull. An increase in the rate of transpiration results in the increase in the rate of passive absorption in plants.
Ion exchange Theory
This theory is the process of exchange of cations and anions in between the external solution and surface of the roots. This hypothesis assumes that the exchange of cations and anions takes place by ions of a similar charge.i.e.K+ of the external solution can exchange with the H+ on the surface of the membrane and similarly, the anions can also exchange with the free hydroxyl ion.
Donnan equilibrium Theory
This theory was proposed by Donnan in 1927. Hence, the name Donnan equilibrium Theory.
According to the Donnan equilibrium Theory, there are some fixed ions in the cell which cannot pass out the cell membrane. These are called stable ions, where both anions and cations can enter the membrane from outside of the cell.
Normally there is an equilibrium of ions between the external and internal solutions. This theory assumes that the cell has a concentration of a fixed ion to which its membrane is impermeable. An equal number of anions and cations from the external solutions will diffuse across the membrane until it reaches the state of equilibrium.
This theory explains the accumulation of anions against a concentration gradient without the participation of metabolic energy.
Q.8. Write a brief note on macronutrients.
Sol. Macronutrients are the essential elements, which are found in plants in the range of 1.0 to 10.0mg per gram of dry weight of plant. These nutrients are further divided into two categories:
Primary macronutrients — Nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium are also called the critical elements and soil normally show deficiency of these elements.
Secondary macronutrients –Calcium, magnesium, and sulphur are called the Secondary macronutrients.
Q.9. What is Ion pump or Cytochrome pump theory?
Sol. The Ion pump or cytochrome pump theory was proposed by Lundegardh and Burstroem in 1933.
According to this theory, there is a direct relationship between the rate of respiration and the absorption of anions.
Anions are transported from the outer surface of membranes to the inner surface by cytochromes.
In order to balance the electrochemical potential, the cations move from the outer surface to the inner surface of the membranes.
The Ion pump or cytochrome pump theory assumes that the anions are taken up by expenditure of energy whereas the movement of cations is passive.
Q.10. Write a brief note on micronutrient.
Sol. The essential elements, which are found less than the 1.0mg per gram of dry weight of the plant is called Micronutrients. These elements are found in very low amounts in plants and play an important role in plant metabolism. These micronutrients are also called as the trace elements.
There are around eight trace elements in plants. Boron, copper, chlorine, manganese, zinc,iron, nickel and molybdenum are examples of essential elements or micronutrients or trace elements.
These elements are further classified on the basis of their function or role of essential elements in plant nutrition.
Structural elements: These elements are constituents of biochemicals.
Energy related elements: These elements are useful in energy related biochemical reactions in plants. Phosphorus in ATP molecules and Magnesium in chlorophyll are examples of Energy related elements.
Enzyme activators: These essential elements act as an activator or inhibitors of different enzymes. Manganese, zinc, molybdenum and magnesium are examples of Enzyme activators.
Q.11. Define essential elements. What are the criteria required for determining the essentiality of 17 essential elements?
Sol. Macronutrients are further classified into essential elements. There are seventeen elements which are necessary for the growth and development of plant cells and tissues.
The different criteria for determining the seventeen essential elements are:
- These elements are necessary for the reproduction of plants.
- The element cannot be replaced by any other element.
- These elements are directly involved in the metabolism of plants.
- These elements are indispensable for the growth of the plant.
- These elements are directly involved in the nutrition of plants.
- The element alone can correct the disorders produced by its absence or deficiency.
Q.12.List out the disorders caused by the deficiency of macro and micronutrients in plants.
Sol.
| Essential Elements. | Deficiency Disorders. |
| Carbon(C), Hydrogen(H)
Oxygen(O) |
These three elements are abundantly found in plants. |
| Nitrogen(N) | Causes chlorosis in leaves, stunted growth in plants, increase dormancy in lateral buds, decomposition of chlorophyll. |
| Phosphorus(P) | Stunted growth, distorted leaves, the formation of the necrotic region in leaves. |
| Calcium(Ca) | Causes chlorosis in leaves, cell elongation is affected, the flexibility of the cell wall diminishes. |
| Potassium(K) | Causes chlorosis and mottled in leaves, the growth of the stem is stopped and appears bushy. |
| Magnesium(Mg) | Causes chlorosis in interveinal and the formation of red, orange and yellow spots on the leaves. |
| Sulphur(S) | Causes chlorosis in leaves and stunted growth in plants. |
| Iron(Fe) | Causes chlorosis in young leaves, the process of photosynthesis, cell division stops, rate of plant growth, protein synthesis and respiration are reduced. |
| Manganese(Mn) | Causes chlorosis in young and matured leaves, limited development of leaves and other disorders like grey speak of oat, marsh spot on the pea plants, etc. |
| Boron(B) | Dark green thick leaves, reduction of the total number of sterile flowers and degeneration of tissues. |
| Zinc(Zn) | Plants are stunted, white necrotic areas are seen on leaves and malformation of phloem. Little leaf is a rare disorder found in all plants with zinc deficiency symptoms. |
| Copper(Cu) | Die-back disease is found in all plants with copper deficiency symptoms. Other disorders include whitening of the leaf tip and distortion of the leaves. |
| Molybdenum(Mo) | Causes chlorosis in young leaves, mottling of lower leaves, and reduced flowering in plants. |
| Chlorine(Cl) | Spotted chlorosis in leaves, degeneration of leaves, and reduced fruit formation. |
| Nickel(Ni) | Neither the components of this element nor the deficiency of nickel elements are known. |
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