The answers are provided for all the questions of Chapter 2 Physics of RBSE Class 12. Students can go through these questions to understand the concepts better and score well in the board examination and entrance examinations for various professional courses. These solutions are provided by the team of experts to provide the best and accurate solutions to the questions. Do check BYJU’S RBSE Class 12 solutions page to get the answers for textbook questions of all subjects.
Multiple Choice Type Questions
Q1: Electric-field intensity is maximum due to a uniformly charged non-conducting
Sphere
- At the centre
- Between a point on the surface and the centre
- At surface
- At infinity
Answer: ( c)
Q2: A charge of 1pC is placed at the centre of a cube of side 0.2m.The electric flux leaving each vertex of the cube in V/m is
- 1.12 x 104
- 2.2 x 104
- 1.88 x 104
- 3.14 x 104
Answer: ( c)
Q3: On giving a negative charge to a soap bubble, its radius
- Decreases
- Increases
- Remain unchanged
- Data inadequate
Answer: (b)
Q4: A charge q is in a sphere and the flux leaving out is q/Є0. How much would be the change in the electric flux on reducing the radius to its half?
- Becomes 4 times the initial value
- Becomes ¼ the initial value
- Becomes half of the initial value
- Remains unchanged
Answer: (d)
Q5: The radii of two conducting spheres are a and b. They are charged by an equal amount then the ratio of electric field intensity at its surface
- b2: a2
- 1:1
- a2: b2
- b: a
Answer: (a)
Q6: The radii of two conduction spheres are a and b. They are charged by equal charge density. What would be the ratio of the electric field intensities at their surface?
- b2: a2
- 1:1
- a2: b2
- b : a
Answer: (b)
Very Short Answer Type Questions
Q1: When does the electric flux through an area element placed in the electric field be zero?
Answer: The electric flux will be zero when the area element is at 90 degrees with the electric field.
Q2: At what positions the electric field intensity due to a uniformly charged sphere is zero?
Answer: The electric field intensity due to the uniformly charged sphere is zero at the centre of sphere and at infinity
Q3: Write the expression for force per unit area of a charged and give its direction.
Answer: The value of force F=σ2 /2Є0 and it is directed normally outward
Q4: Where does the energy due to a charge is stored?
Answer: The energy is stored in the region of the electric field
Q5: A charge Q is given to a conducting sphere of diameter d what is the value of an electric field inside the sphere?
Answer: The value of the electric field inside the sphere will be zero
Q6: Suppose the Coulomb’s Law has a 1/r3 dependence instead of dependence 1/r2 is Gauss’s law still valid?
Answer: The Gauss law will be valid only for 1/r2
Q7: If the net charge enclosed by a Gaussian surface is positive then what is the nature of flux through the surface?
Answer: The flux will be positive
Q8: If the net flux through some closed surface in an electric field is zero what can be said about the surface?
- Total charge enclosed by the system is zero
- Total flux entering the surface=Total flux leaving the surface
Q9: If the net charge enclosed by a Gaussian surface is zero does it mean that the electric field at every point on the surface is zero?
Answer: No, it is not necessary that the electric field will be zero
This situation is only possible only when the electric field and area are perpendicular to each other
Q10: Define linear charge density.
Answer: Linear charge density is the amount of electric charge per unit length
Q11: What will be the change in electric field in moving from one side to the other of a charged plane sheet having a surface charge density σ.
Answer: The change in Electric field = E1 – E2
Q12: Graph the variation of the electric field with distance
Answer:
Q13: What is the value of the electric field at the centre of a uniformly charged non conducting sphere?
Answer: The electric field at the centre of the electric field will be zero since the charge inside the sphere will be zero
Q14: A charge q is at the centre of a sphere. If now this charge is placed at the centre of a cylinder of the same volume then what will be the ratio of net flux in the two cases
Answer: The electric flux will be equal for both cases
The ration is given by 1 : 1
Short Answer Questions
Q1: Explain the term electric flux. Write its SI unit and dimensions
Answer: The total number of electric field lines passing a given area in a unit time is defined as the electric flux.
It the plane is normal to the flow of the electric field then the value of the electric field is given by
Ф =EA
When the same plane is tilted at an angle Ɵ, the projected area is given as AcosƟ and the total flux through this surface is given as
Ф = EAcosθ
The SI unit for flux is given by volt metre (V m)
Q2: Explain the term linear charge density. Write its SI unit.
Answer: The charge density tells us how much charge is stored in a particular field.
Linear charge density is the charge per unit length and it is represented by λ
λ=q/l
where q is the charge and l is the length over which it is distributed
S.I unit of Linear charge density is coulomb/m
Q3: Explain the term surface charge density. Write its SI unit
Answer: The charge per unit area is called the surface charge density and it is represented as σ
σ =q/A
where q is the charge and A is the area over which it is distributed
S.I unit of Linear charge density is coulomb/m3
Q4: Explain the term volume charge density. Write its SI unit.
Answer: The charge per unit volume is called the volume charge density and it is represented as ρ
ρ =q/A
where q is the charge and V is the volume over which it is distributed
S.I unit of Linear charge density is coulomb/m3
Q5: State Gauss’s law for electrostatics
Answer: According to the Gauss law, the total flux linked with a closed surface is 1/ε0 times the charge bounded by the closed surface.
Mathematically Gauss Law can be written as
Where є0 is the permittivity of free space and is the total charge in the surface
Q6: The excess charge given to a conductor resides always on its outer surface? Why?
Answer: The electric field inside a charged sphere is zero (E=0). Therefore, the emergent flux ( Φ) from the Gaussian surface is 0.
Electric flux is given by Φ=q/Є0
Therefore Φ=q/Є0=0
q=ΦЄ0=0
Which means the charge inside the conductor is zero and the charges reside on the outer surface
Q6. Verify Gauss’s law from Coulomb’s law
Answer: Let us derive the Gauss’s theorem by using Coulomb’s Law
According to Coulomb’s law the intensity of electric field (E) at a distance r from charge q
The electric flux is given by
Because
This is Gauss’s Theorem
Q7: You are travelling in a car. Lightning is expected, what should you do about your safety?
Answer: To stay safe in the car we should close the windows of the car. Closing the window makes sure the charges lie on the surface of the car.
Q8: The charge densities on parallel bases of two infinite expansions are +σ and -σ respectively. What would be the electric field intensities at a point between them?
Answer:
In the points between both the plates, the electric field produced due to both plates will be in the same direction.
The resultant electric field is given by
E = E1+E2
Essay Type Questions
Q1: Establish expressions for electric force and electrostatic pressure on the surface of a charged conductor?
Answer: The excess charges given to the surface recedes on the surface of the conductor. There is a force of repulsion acting between the charges. Thus, the net force on the surface is the vector sum of force acting on all the small elements.
Let us consider the surface charge density on the surface of the conductor to be σ. Two points are considered inside and outside the surface. Let the point outside the surface be P1 and the surface inside is P2.
The electric field outside the charged conductor is given by
—————————————–(1)
The electric field inside the conductor is zero
——————————————-(2)
Now we are dividing the conductor into two parts in order to understand the repulsive force between the elements.
(i) A small element AB whose surface is ds
(ii) The remaining part of the conductor ACB
If E1 and E2 are the electric fields due to AB and ACB, respectively at points near the surface.
EP1= E1+E——————————–(3)
(E1 and E2 are in the same direction at the point P1)
EP2= E1+E2———————————(4)
(E1 and E2 are in the opposite direction at P2)
From equations (2) and (4) we have
E1 – E2=0
i.e.,E1 = E2——————————————-(5)
From equations (1),(3) and (5)
E2+E2=σ/ε0
E2 =σ/2ε0
E2 is the electric field intensity at element AB due to the element ACB. If the total charge on the element AB is dq , then the force on element dF = E2dq
That can be written as
Force acting on the complete surface is given by
The force per unit area also known as pressure is given by
Q2: Establish expression for energy stored per unit volume in the electric field
Answer: In order to increase the charge on a conductor or to increase the volume of the volume the region work has to be done. The work done gets stored as energy in the electric field.
Let us take the example of the spherical shell of radius r with a surface charge density σ.
Outward pressure on the surface of the shell
So the outward force on the surface is
F = (Pressure)(Area)
The work done against this force in compressing the shell by a small amount dr is
The decrease in the volume of the sphere due to compression
dV=4πr2dr
Thus,
Energy stored in the whole system due to electric field
The energy stored per unit volume in the electric field or energy density.
It there is any other medium in place of vacuum or air, then
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