1) What are the materials required for this experiment?
An optical bench along with three uprights, a concave mirror, a mirror holder, two optical needles, a knitting needle, and a half-metre scale are the materials needed for this experiment.
2) Give five main precautions that should be taken into consideration when doing this experiment.
The uprights must always be vertical.
The mirror’s principal axis must be perpendicular, and the optical bench’s central line must be parallel.
The observer must be a minimum of 30 cm away from the needle to find the image’s position.
The parallax of the tip to tip must be removed between the image and the needle.
The tip of the object and the image must be at the identical height when compared to the given mirror’s pole.
3) What are the sources of errors in this experiment?
Errors usually come as the uprights may not be vertical, and parallax corrected may not be perfect.
4) What are the four main sections of the whole procedure in this experiment?
(a) To determine the rough focal length
(b) To set the mirror
(c) To set the object needle
(d) To set the image needle
5) What is the spherical mirror used in this experiment?
A concave mirror is a spherical mirror used in this experiment.
6) What are the two types of spherical mirrors?
Convex mirrors and concave mirrors are the two types of spherical mirrors.
7) Which type of mirror always generates a virtual image?
Convex and plane mirrors always generate virtual images.
8) What is the aperture of a spherical mirror?
The aperture of a spherical mirror is the diameter of the circular rim of a spherical mirror.
9) Define the pole of a concave mirror?
The pole of a concave mirror is the centre point of the reflecting surface of this mirror. It is denoted as ‘P’.
10) Define the centre of curvature on a concave mirror.
The centre of curvature is the sphere centre of which the concave mirror is a part. It is denoted as ‘C’.
11) Define the centre of curvature on a spherical mirror.
The centre of the sphere in which the spherical mirror is a part is known as the centre of curvature.
12) What is the correlation between the radius of curvature (R) and focal length (F) of a concave mirror?
The correlation is given by the formula,
f = R/2.
13) Define the principal axis of a spherical mirror.
The principal axis is the imaginary line travelling through the principal axis and the pole of the spherical mirror.
14) What is the radius of curvature of a concave mirror?
The radius of the sphere of which a concave mirror is a part is called the radius of curvature.
15) Define the principal focus on a concave mirror.
The rays that are parallel to the concave mirror’s principal axis meet at a particular point on the mirror’s principal axis just after the reflection. This point of convergence is called the principal focus on a concave mirror.
16) What are the two types of lenses generally used?
Concave lenses and convex lenses are the two types of lenses generally used.
17) Is the convex lens’s focal length taken -ve or +ve?
The convex lens’s focal length is taken as positive since it meets the beam of light.
18) A convex mirror is a type of diverging mirror. Therefore, it doesn’t generate a real focus. On the other hand, a plane mirror is not a type of diverging mirror. Why doesn’t it generate a real focus?
As far as a plane mirror is concerned, the reflected and the incident rays form an identical angle with the mirror. In fact, reflected rays don’t converge, and therefore, it generates a virtual image.
19) What is the mirror formula?
The mirror formula is given by,
1/f = 1/v+1/u
f is the focal length
u is the object distance
v is the image distance
20) Define the law of reflection for mirrors?
The incident ray, the reflected ray and the normal all exist in the exact same plane.
∠i = ∠r
21) Give the number of refracting surfaces a lens possesses.
A lens has two refracting surfaces.
22) What is the ideal position of a body if you want to get an image of the same dimension in the case of a concave mirror?
The body should be positioned at ‘C’ of a concave mirror in order to get an image of the same dimension.
23) Which is the mirror typically used for shaving? Why?
The concave mirror is typically used for shaving. This is mainly due to the fact the object is positioned between the focus and pole of the mirror. The resulting image will be virtual and magnified.
24) Consider a situation where you are standing in front of a mirror, and the image looks as follows:
The head looks to be very large, the body looks to be normal size, and the legs look to be tiny. What is the nature of mirrors used in this scenario?
In this case, the mirror is a combination of types of mirrors. The top section is a concave mirror, the middle section is a plane mirror, and the bottommost section is a convex mirror.
25) What are the two main types of mirrors?
Plane mirrors and spherical mirrors are the two main types of mirrors.
26) What is denoted by the symbol ‘R’ in a concave mirror?
The radius of curvature is denoted by the symbol ‘R’ in a concave mirror.
27) Give two general uses of concave mirrors.
Concave mirrors are extensively used by dentists and in solar cookers.
28) What type of images do concave mirrors generate?
Concave mirrors generate real and virtual images.
29) If a body is at infinity, where will the image be generated in the case of a concave mirror?
The image will be generated at the focus point of the concave mirror if a body is at infinity.
30) When do concave mirrors produce virtual images?
Concave mirrors produce virtual when objects are positioned between the focal point and pole.
31) What happens when parallel rays strike a convex lens?
Parallel rays converge at the focus of the convex lens.
32) When light rays pass through the optical centre of convex lenses, what happens to the light rays?
Light rays will pass through without deviating when it passes through the optical centre of convex lenses.
33) Do the characteristics of the images produced by convex lenses rely on the location of the object?
Yes, convex lenses form virtual images only when positioned between the optical centre and the focus point. In the case of all other locations, convex lenses produce real images.
34) How will you distinguish a concave lens from a convex lens experimentally?
If the given spherical lens produces a real sharp image of a faraway object, it is a convex lens. If not, it should be a concave lens.
35) If half of the concave lens is covered when focusing on a faraway subject, what will be the effect on the image produced?
An image will be generated as normal, but the image intensity will be half the original.
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