An LCR circuit is an electrical circuit composed of an inductor (L), a capacitor (C), and a resistor (R), connected in parallel or series. The circuit’s name came from the letters that represent the respective components of this circuit. The LCR electrical circuit constructs a harmonic oscillator for electric current, and resonates in a manner like that of an LC circuit. The introduction of a resistor boosts the decay of these oscillations (also known as damping). The resistor also decreases the peak resonant frequency. In some cases, resistance is inevitable even if resistors are not specifically included as circuit elements. LCR circuits have numerous applications as oscillator circuits. Television sets and radio receivers employ them for tuning to choose a narrow frequency value from ambient radio waves. In this functionality, the LCR circuit is usually referred to as a tuned circuit. It can be applied as a band-stop filter, high-pass filter or band-pass filter. The tuning function is a case of band-pass filtering. The LCR filter is mentioned as a second-order circuit. It means that, in circuit analysis, any current or voltage in the circuit can be denoted by a second-order differential equation.
The three circuit components L, C, and R, can be linked in many varied ways. All three components in parallel or all three components in series are the most basic concepts and the most direct to analyse. One problem often faced is the necessity of taking into account the inductor resistance. Inductors are usually made from coils of wire which have an undesirable resistance, but it usually has a notable effect on the circuit.
A vital property of the circuit is its property to resonate at a particular frequency, the resonance frequency, f0. Frequencies are calculated in units of hertz. Here, angular frequency, ω0, is employed because it is more mathematically comfortable. This is calculated in radians per second. They are connected to each other by a simple formula,
Components of LCR Circuit
Resistors
A resistor limits the flow of current. It aids in regulating the voltage or power that is enforced on the LCR circuit. This is crucial as it blocks too much current travelling through unwanted circuit sections.
Capacitors
A capacitor accumulates energy and gives off it in a controlled way. It also helps in controlling the power or voltage that is supplied to the LCR circuit. The capacitor efficiently stores energy and discharges it in a controlled way.
Inductors
An inductor opposes the change in the flow of current. It aids in controlling the current flow fluctuations, which allow for stabilising the LCR circuit.
Uses of LCR Circuits
The resonant LCR circuit has many uses:
Radio receivers, television sets, and oscillator circuits use LCR circuits for tuning purposes. These circuits mainly deal with the communication system and signal processing. The series LCR is used for voltage magnification. They are also used in induction heating.
The video explains the fundamental concepts of current flow.
Important LCR Circuit Questions with Answers
1) What is an LCR circuit?
An LCR circuit is an electrical circuit composed of an inductor (L), a capacitor (C), and a resistor (R), connected in parallel or series. The circuit’s name came from the letters that represent the respective components of this circuit.
2) Explain the characteristics of LCR circuits.
The LCR electrical circuit constructs a harmonic oscillator for electric current and resonates in a manner like that of an LC circuit. The introduction of a resistor boosts the decay of these oscillations (also known as damping). The resistor also decreases the peak resonant frequency. In some cases, resistance is inevitable even if resistors are not specifically included as circuit elements. LCR circuits have numerous applications as oscillator circuits. Television sets and radio receivers employ them for tuning to choose a narrow frequency value from ambient radio waves. In this functionality, the LCR circuit is usually referred to as a tuned circuit. It can be applied as a band-stop filter, high-pass filter or band-pass filter. The tuning function is a case of band-pass filtering. The LCR filter is mentioned as a second-order circuit. It means that, in circuit analysis, any current or voltage in the circuit can be denoted by a second-order differential equation.
3) How are the three components of the LCR circuit connected?
The three circuit components L, C, and R, can be linked in many varied ways. All three components in parallel or all three components in series are the most basic concepts and the most direct to analyse. One problem often faced is the necessity of taking into account the inductor resistance. Inductors are usually made from coils of wire which have an undesirable resistance, but it usually has a notable effect on the circuit.
4) What is the importance of resonance in LCR circuits?
A vital property of the circuit is its property to resonate at a particular frequency, the resonance frequency, f0. Frequencies are calculated in units of hertz. Here, angular frequency, ω0, is employed because it is more mathematically comfortable. This is calculated in radians per second. They are connected to each other by a simple formula,
5) What is the role of a resistor in the LCR circuit?
A resistor limits the flow of current. It aids in regulating the voltage or power that is enforced on the LCR circuit. This is crucial as it blocks too much current travelling through unwanted circuit sections.
6) What is the role of a capacitor in the LCR circuit?
A capacitor accumulates energy and gives off it in a controlled way. It also helps in controlling the power or voltage that is supplied to the LCR circuit. The capacitor efficiently stores energy and discharges it in a controlled way.
7) What is the role of an inductor in the LCR circuit?
An inductor opposes the change in the flow of current. It aids in controlling the current flow fluctuations, which allow for stabilising the LCR circuit.
8) Is there any difference between the LCR circuit and the RLC circuit?
No, they are both the same circuit except for the change in the characters that represent them.
9) What are some uses of LCR circuits?
The resonant LCR circuit has many uses:
Radio receivers, television sets, and oscillator circuits use LCR circuits for tuning purposes. These circuits mainly deal with the communication system and signal processing. The series LCR is used for voltage magnification. They are also used in induction heating.
10) What is the full form of “LCR” in the LCR circuit?
L = Inductor
C = Capacitor
R = Resistor
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Practice Questions
1) What is the difference between the LCR circuit and the LC circuit?
2) What is the difference between an inductor and a resistance?
3) What is the use of a capacitor?
4) Which circuit is used in induction heating?
5) What are the two types of LCR circuits?
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