Schrodinger wave equation, or just the Schrodinger equation, is one of the most fundamental equations of quantum physics. The equation, also called the Schrodinger equation, is basically a differential equation and is widely used in Chemistry and Physics to solve problems based on the atomic structure of matter.
Schrodinger wave equation describes the behaviour of a particle in a field of force or the change of a physical quantity over time. Erwin SchrΓΆdinger, who developed the equation, was even awarded the Nobel Prize in 1933.
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Definition: Schrodinger wave equation is a mathematical expression describing the energy and position of the electron in space and time, taking into account the matter wave nature of the electron inside an atom. It is based on three considerations. They are;
Schrodinger equation gives us a detailed account of the form of the wave functions or probability waves that control the motion of some smaller particles. The equation also describes how external factors influence these waves. Moreover, the equation uses the energy conservation concept that offers details about the behaviour of an electron attached to the nucleus. |
Schrodinger Wave Equation Chemistry Questions with Solutions
Q1. In general, the solution of the Schrodinger wave equation is-
a.) Real
b.) Imaginary
c.) Complex
d.) Complex, with real part always greater than the magnitude of the imaginary part.
Correct Answerβ (c.) Complex
Q2. The Schrodinger wave equation is a mathematical depression describing-
a.) energy of the electron,
b.) momentum of the electron,
c.) position of the electron,
d.) All of the above
Correct Answerβ (d.) All of the above
Q3. The Schrodinger wave equation is a-
a.) Linear differential equation
b.) Non-linear differential equation
c.) Second-order equation
d.) First-order equation
Correct Answerβ (a.) Linear differential equation
Q4. The quantum numbers clearly explained in terms of the Schrodinger wave equation are-
a.) principal quantum number
b.) angular quantum number
c.) magnetic quantum number
d.) All of the above
Correct Answerβ (d.) All of the above
Q5. The square of the wave function’s magnitude is referred to as-
a.) Current density
b.) zero density
c.) probability density
d.) volume density
Correct Answerβ (c.) probability density
Q6. State True or False.
Schrodinger wave equation can be derived from the principles of Quantum Mechanics.
Answer. False.
The Schrodinger equation is a fundamental principle in and of itself. It cannot be derived from other principles; instead, it can only be verified by other principles.
Q7. Does the Schrodinger equation restrict the electron in an H-atom to certain, sharp orbits?
Answer. The Schrodinger equation does not restrict the electron in an H-atom to specific sharp orbits. It only indicates the probability of obtaining an electron in a small area. The space with the greatest chance of finding an electron is referred to as orbital.
Q8. What are the implications of Ξ¨ and Ξ¨2?
Answer. Ξ¨ is a wave function that refers to the amplitude of an electron wave, also known as the probability amplitude. There is no physical significance to it. Positive, negative, or imaginary wave functions are all possible. The probability density [Ξ¨]2 determines the probability of obtaining an electron at a given point within the atom.
Q9. What are the limitations of the wave function?
Answer. The wave function must be integrable in squares. The wave function must have only one value. It means that for any given value of x and t, there should be a unique value of Ξ¨(x, t) so that the probability of the system being in a given state has only one value. It must either have a finite value or be standardised.
Q10. Fill in the blank.
The corresponding values of wave functions (Ξ¨) are called ____ functions.
Answer. The corresponding values of wave functions (Ξ¨) are called eigen functions.
Q11. What is the physical significance of Ξ¨2?
Answer. The probability density Ξ¨2 determines the probability of finding an electron at a given point within the atom. This means that if
(i) Ξ¨2 is zero, the chances of finding an electron at that point are nil.
(ii) Ξ¨2 is high, the probability of finding an electron is high, indicating that the electron has been present at that location for a long time.
(iii) Ξ¨2 is a low value. The probability of finding an electron is low, indicating that the electron is only present for a short period of time.
Q12. Does the Schrodinger wave equation change for a 3-D system?
Answer. No, the Schrodinger wave equation does not change for a 3-D system.
The Schrodinger equation is a basic principle. Only the new dimensions in which the equation was considered are added when considered for a 3-D system.
Q13. Which quantity is said to be degenerate when HΨn = EnΨn?
Answer. Eigen functions quantity is said to be degenerate when HΨn = EnΨn.
When there is only one Eigen function corresponding to each EIGEN value, the Eigenfunction is known as Degenerate.
Q14. The wave function of 3s electron is given by
It has a node at r = r0. Find the relation between r0 and a0.
Answer. At nodal point v = 0 from the given wave function, we find that Ο = 0 at following values of r
Solving r0/a0 we get-
Hence, r0 = 7.1 a0 and r0 = 1.95 a0.
Q15. What does the Schrodinger wave equation demonstrate?
Answer. The SchrΓΆdinger equation (also known as SchrΓΆdinger’s wave equation) is a partial differential equation that uses the wave function to describe the dynamics of quantum mechanical systems. Solving the SchrΓΆdinger equation yields the trajectory, positioning, and energy of these systems.
Practise Questions on Schrodinger Wave Equation
Q1. In the Schrodinger wave equation, Ο represents-
a.) Orbitals
b.) Wave functions
c.) Amplitude functions
d.) Both (b) and (c)
Q2. Which combinations of quantum numbers n, l, m, and s for an electron in an atom do not provide a solution to the wave equation?
a.) 3, 2, β2. Β½
b.) 3, 3, 1, βΒ½
c.) 3, 2, 1, Β½
d.) 3, 1, β1, βΒ½
Q3. State True or False.
Schrodinger wave equation is a partial differential equation.
Q4. The Schrodinger equation for the hydrogen atom is:
Where a0 is Bohr radius. If the radial node in 2s is at r0, then find r in terms of a0?
Q5. What is the physical significance of the Schrodinger wave function?
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