Aldehyde, ketones, and carboxylic acid contain a carbon-oxygen double bond (C=O). This unit is often referred to as the carbonyl group. Aldehydes, ketones and carboxylic acid are collectively known as carbonyl compounds. In aldehydes, the carbonyl carbon is bonded to one hydrogen atom and one alkyl group. Formaldehyde, HCHO is an exception which is bonded to two hydrogen atoms. The general formula of aldehyde is RCHO. In ketones, the carbonyl carbon is always bonded to two alkyl groups. These alkyl groups can be the same or different. Its general formula is (RCOR). In carboxylic acid, the carbonyl carbon is bonded to one alkyl group and one hydroxyl group. Its general formula is (RCOOH). Most of the properties of the aldehydes, ketones and carboxylic acids are a result of the presence of the carbonyl group.
Download Class 12 Chemistry Worksheet on Chapter 12 Aldehydes, Ketones, and Carboxylic Acids PDF – Set 1
CBSE Class 12 Chemistry Chapter 12 Aldehydes, Ketones, and Carboxylic Acids Worksheet – Set 1
Q1. What is the hybridisation of carbon in the carbonyl group?
(a) sp
(b) sp2
(c ) sp3
(d) None of the above
Q2. Carbonyl group take part in the ________ or _______ and ________ reactions.
(a) Electrophilic addition reaction
(b) Nucleophilic addition reaction
(c ) Electrophilic and nucleophilic addition reaction
(d) None of the reactions
Q3. Both aldehyde and ketones give an addition reaction with
(a) HCN
(b) NaHSO3
(c ) Both (a) and (b)
(d) None of the above
Q4. Which of the following carbonyl compound does not undergo aldol condensation?
(a) HCHO
(b) CH3CHO
(c ) CH3CH2CHO
(d) None of the above
Q5. Aldol condensation between the following compounds followed by the dehydration gives methyl vinyl ketone.
(a) Methanal and ethanal
(b) Two moles of formaldehyde
(c ) Methanal and propanone
(d) None of the above
Q6. Draw the structure of the compound whose IUPAC name is 4-chloropentan2-one.
Q7. Name an aldehyde that does not give Fehling solution test.
Q8. Why does benzaldehyde give a positive Tollen’s reagent test but not Fehlings or Benedict solution test?
Q9. What type of aldehydes can undergo the Cannizaro reaction?
Q10. Can we consider the Gattermann-Koch reaction similar to Friedel Craft’s acylation reaction? Explain.
Q11. Alkene shows electrophilic addition reactions, whereas carbonyl compounds show nucleophilic addition reactions even though they both contain a pie bond. Justify.
Q12. What is Tollen’s reagent?
Q13. Organise the following hydrocarbons in increasing ranking of their reactivity in nucleophilic addition reactions.
CH3CHO, CH3CH2CHO, CH3COCH3, CH3COCH2CH3
Q14. How can you distinguish between benzoic acid and phenol?
Q15. Why can not we use formaldehyde in an aldol condensation reaction?
Q16. Convert benzoic acid to benzaldehyde.
Q17. What is Hell-Volhard-Zelinsky reaction?
Q18. How will you distinguish between propanal and propanone?
Q19. How will you distinguish between benzaldehyde and acetophenone?
Q20. A has a characteristic odour, on treating with NaOH, and forms two compounds (B) and (C). Compound (B) has the molecular formula C7H8O, which on oxidation with CrO3, gives back compound (A). Compound (C) is the sodium salt of the acid. Compound (C), when heated with soda lime, yields an aromatic hydrocarbon (D). Deduce the structures of (A), (B), (C) and (D). Write chemical equations for all reactions taking place.
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