Hydrocarbons are organic compounds that are entirely made up of only two kinds of atoms β carbon and hydrogen. Typically, hydrocarbons are colourless gases that have very weak odours. Hydrocarbons can feature simple or relatively complex structures and are generally classified into four subcategories: alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, and aromatic hydrocarbons.
| Definition: Alkenes are unsaturated hydrocarbons (containing only carbon and hydrogen) with at least one carbon-to-carbon double bond. Olefins are a different term for alkenes. Due to the presence of the double bond, alkenes are more reactive than alkanes. |
Alkene Chemistry Questions with Solutions
Q1. The general formula of Alkene is-
a.) CnH2n+2
b.) CnH2n
c.) CnH2n β 2
d.) None of the above
Correct Answerβ (b.) CnH2n
Q2. Alkenes have which type of bond between them?
a.) single
b.) double
c.) triple
d.) None of the above
Correct Answerβ (b.) double
Q3. Identify the incorrect statement regarding the synthesis of alkenes.
a.) Cracking of a hydrocarbon yields alkenes
b.) The reactions are exothermic
c.) Zeolite catalyst helps in the synthesis of alkenes
d.) The synthesis of alkenes is otherwise known as reforming
Correct Answerβ (b.) The reactions are exothermic.
Explanationβ The reactions that take place occur at high temperatures, and hence, they are endothermic.
Q4. Which of the following alkenes are used in the production of plastics?
a.) 1, 2 β butadiene
b.) 1, 3 β butadiene
c.) 2 β butadiene
d.) Butadiene
Correct Answerβ (b.) 1, 3 β butadiene
Explanationβ 1, 3 β butadiene is a widely used monomer as it has a very good electrical resistivity.
Q5. How do you test for an alkene?
a.) They turn universal indicator purple
b.) They turn bromine water colourless
c.) They turn limewater cloudy
d.) All of the above
Correct Answerβ (b.) They turn bromine water colourless.
Q6. Differentiate between Alkene and Alkyne
Answer. Alkenes have atleast one double bond between them, and they have a general formula CnH2n, whereas alkynes have atleast one triple bond between them and have a general formula CnH2nβ2.
Q7. Which test is used to distinguish between alkane and alkenes?
Answer. Romine reaction test can be used to distinguish an alkene from an alkane. Bromine water is commonly used to detect the presence of alkenes. When an alkene is added to a sample of bromine water and shaken, the solution changes from light orange to colourless.
Alkanes, on the other hand, cannot decolourize bromine water.
Q8. Give the alkene structure (C4H8), which adds on HBr in the presence and the absence of peroxide, to give the same product, C4H9Br.
Answer. 2-Butene with structure CH3 β CH = CH β CH3 being symmetrical gives the same product, i.e., 2-bromobutane CH3 β CH(Br) β CH2CH3.
Q9. Arrange the following: HCl, HBr, HI, HF in order of decreasing reactivity towards alkenes
Answer. In the order of decreasing reactivity towards alkenes, compounds can be arranged as follows- HF, HCl, HBr, HI.
Q10. What is the decreasing order of reactivity of H2C = CH2, (CH3)2, H2C = CH2, CH3 β CH = CH2, CH3 β CH = CH β CH3, (CH3)2 C = C (CH3)2, (CH3)2 C = CH CH3 towards electrophilic addition reactions?
Answer.
The order of reactivity of the given alkenes towards electrophilic addition reactions decreases in the following orderβ
(CH3)2 C = C (CH3)2 > (CH3)2 C = CH CH3 > (CH3)2 C = CH2 > CH3 CH β CH β CH3 > CH3 β CH = CH, > CH2 = CH2.
Q11. How vicinal dihalide can be used in the preparation of alkene?
Answer. On treatment with Zn metal, Vicinal dihalide loses a molecule of ZnX2 from an alkene. This reaction is known as dehalogenation.
CH2Br-CH2Br + Zn β CH2 = CH2 +ZnBr2.
Q12. Fill in the blank.
Alkenes are also called ___.
Answer. Alkenes are also called olefins. This is because the lower members form oily products on treatment with chlorine or bromine.
Q13. Alkynes on reduction with sodium in liquid ammonia form trans alkenes. Will the butene thus formed on reduction of 2-butyne show the geometrical isomerism?
Answer. But-2-ene is formed when but-2-yne is reduced, with both methyl groups on the same or opposite side to show geometrical isomers.
Q14. Write the structure and IUPAC names of different structural isomers of alkenes corresponding to C5H10.
Answer. The structure and IUPAC names of different structural isomers of Pentene are as follows-
Q15. Why are addition reactions more common in alkenes and alkynes than in aromatic hydrocarbons?
Answer. Unsaturated alkenes and alkynes have -bonds and thus do not have the full amount of hydrogen that they could have.
Since Ο-bonds are not as strong as Ο-bonds, they are more unstable than alkanes. Even though alkenes and alkynes want to form more Ο-bonds and have a more alkane-like structure, they undergo addition reactions.
Addition reactions occur when more atoms are added to the molecule rather than being removed. This means that the Οβbonds must be removed and replaced with new atoms, rather than the existing Ο-bonds being reattached – it is easier to break Ο- bond than to reattach Ο – bond.
Alkanes do not undergo this reaction because they already have single Ο-bonds and thus cannot become more structurally stable or stronger – they are already at the peak and can only swap things around in substitution reactions.
Alkanes do not undergo this reaction because they already have single Ο-bonds and thus cannot become more structurally stable or stronger – they are already at the peak. They can only replace things around in substitution reactions.
Practise Questions on Alkene
Q1. The addition of bromine to 1. 3 βbutadiene givesβ
a.) 1, 2 addition product only
b.) 1, 4 addition product only
c.) Both (a) and (b)
d.) None of the above
Q2. Alkenes usually show ___ type of reaction.
a.) Addition
b.) Substitution
c.) Elimination
d.) Superposition
Q3. What is the order of reactivity of alkyl groups and halogens in the dehydrohalogenation of alkyl halides to give alkenes?
Q4. An alkyl halide C5H11Br (A) reacts with ethanolic KOH to give an alkene βBβ, which reacts with Br2 to give a compound βCβ, which on dehydrobromination, gives an alkyne βDβ. On treatment with sodium metal in liquid ammonia, one mole of βDβ gives one mole of the sodium salt of βDβ and half a mole of hydrogen gas. Complete hydrogenation of βDβ yields a straight-chain alkane. Identify A, B, C and D. Give the reactions involved.
Q5. Answer the following-
(a) Why are alkenes called unsaturated hydrocarbons?
(b) How will you test the presence of a double bond in an alkene?
(c) Name the products formed when propene is subjected to ozonolysis.
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