Protected Monuments at Kodumanal [UPSC Notes]

The Tamil Nadu Department of Archaeology has officially designated five sites in Kodumanal as protected monuments, which include ‘menhir’ (single stone) structures and megalithic burial sites. Two notice boards have been placed at the sites, prohibiting mining and construction within a 200-metre radius. In this article, you can read about the archaeological significance of Kodumanal in Tamil Nadu’s Erode district. This topic is relevant for the IAS exam ancient history segment.

Archaeological Site Kodumanal

Image source: The Hindu

• Kodumanal is located on the northern banks of the Noyyal River, approximately 42 km from Erode.
• The Archaeological Survey of India (ASI) initiated excavations in 1961 after discovering ancient artefacts scattered across the village’s barren land.
• Excavations have yielded various artefacts, including potsherds inscribed with names in Tamil-Brahmi script, Roman silver coins, precious stones, quartz, and semi-precious stone beads, bangles, copper, silver, iron, and terracotta.
• These findings indicate the existence of an ancient industrial and trade centre dating back around 2,300 years.
• An excavation concluded on September 30, 2021, led to the discovery of a structure resembling a stepwell.
• In the 2021 Budget, the Tamil Nadu government announced its intention to declare Kodumanal a protected archaeological site.
• On November 30, 2022, the government officially notified five sites for protection, including menhir, habitation, and megalithic burial sites.
• A recent government order has officially declared these sites as protected monuments.

What is Menhir?

• A ‘menhir’ refers to a type of megalithic monument consisting of a single large standing stone. 
• Menhirs are often found in clusters or in association with megalithic burial sites, indicating their use as commemorative or ritualistic structures. 
• Menhirs were typically erected vertically, either individually or in alignments.
• While the exact significance and function of menhirs in South Indian history may vary from site to site, they are generally considered markers of cultural, religious, or social importance. 
• Their presence suggests the existence of early societies with the knowledge and ability to quarry, transport, and erect large stone monuments. 
• Menhirs, along with other megalithic structures, offer valuable clues about the religious, funerary, and social practices of ancient South Indian communities.

Impact:

• The declaration of Kodumanal sites as protected monuments ensures the preservation and safeguarding of these significant archaeological sites.
• The ban on mining and construction within a 200-metre radius aims to protect the integrity and historical value of the sites.
• The establishment of noticeboards raises awareness among the public about the cultural and historical significance of Kodumanal and discourages activities that could harm the monuments.

Protected Monuments at Kodumanal:- Download PDF Here