Kuno National Park [UPSC Notes]

Kuno National Park is a national park and wildlife sanctuary in the state of Madhya Pradesh. In-depth information regarding Kuno National Park is provided in this article. This is an important topic for the IAS exam, especially for the environment and ecology segment.

Kuno National Park

Kuno National Park lies in the Sheopur district of Madhya Pradesh in Central India near the Vindhya Hills.

• With an area of 748 sq. km, the park is located within the larger Kuno Wildlife Division.
• Initially established as a wildlife sanctuary, it was only in 2018 that the government changed its status into a national park.
• Named after the Kuno River (one of the main tributaries of the Chambal River) that cuts across it, Kuno is primarily a grassland region.
• Kuno National Park holds significant ecological importance due to its strategic location and diverse habitats. It serves as a crucial corridor for wildlife movement, connecting various other protected areas in the region. 
• This connectivity allows for the exchange of genetic material and ensures the long-term survival of species. The park’s ecological significance extends beyond its boundaries, making it an integral part of the larger landscape conservation efforts in central India.

Image Source: Times of India

Also read: Difference Between Wildlife Sanctuary, Biosphere Reserves and National Park

Kuno National Park – Geographical and Ecological Features

The park’s topography comprises vast grasslands, hills, plateaus, and meandering rivers. It falls within the transitional zone between the Malwa Plateau and the Bundelkhand uplands, resulting in diverse ecosystems and a wide variety of flora and fauna.

• Kuno National Park experiences a subtropical climate, characterized by hot summers and moderate winters. The park’s vegetation varies across different zones, including dry deciduous forests, mixed forests, and open grasslands.
• Some prominent flora species found in the park include teak, saj, tendu, salai, and bamboo. These diverse habitats provide essential resources for the park’s wildlife and contribute to its overall ecological richness.

Biodiversity and Wildlife Conservation:

• Kuno National Park boasts a remarkable biodiversity, harbouring numerous species of flora and fauna. 
• The park is home to an impressive range of mammals, including leopards, hyenas, sloth bears, sambar deer, chital, and more. 
• Avian enthusiasts can spot a diverse array of bird species, including the Indian eagle owl, painted stork, paradise flycatcher, and Indian roller. 
• Reptiles such as the Indian python, monitor lizard, and several species of snakes also find refuge within the park’s boundaries.
• One of the most notable aspects of Kuno National Park’s wildlife conservation efforts is its potential role in the reintroduction of Asiatic lions and Cheetahs. 
• Historically, Asiatic lions thrived across vast regions of Asia, but their population dwindled dramatically due to hunting and habitat loss. 
  • Today, the Gir Forest in Gujarat is the only natural habitat for these majestic big cats. Recognizing the need for a second home for Asiatic lions, the Indian government selected Kuno National Park for their reintroduction.

Read more on Cheetah reintroduction in India.

Conservation Efforts and Management Strategies:

• Kuno National Park’s conservation efforts encompass a range of strategies focused on protecting the park’s biodiversity, mitigating human-wildlife conflicts, and promoting sustainable management practices. 
• Engaging and involving local communities in conservation initiatives is a crucial aspect of these efforts. Communities residing in the buffer zones surrounding the park are educated about the importance of wildlife conservation and provided with alternative livelihood opportunities to reduce dependence on natural resources.
• Furthermore, the park authorities have implemented ecotourism initiatives to generate awareness and support for conservation. Responsible tourism practices, such as controlled visitor numbers, guided tours, and emphasis on environmental education, not only provide visitors with a unique wildlife experience but also contribute to the local economy and foster a sense of stewardship towards the park.

Challenges and Future Prospects:

• Despite the commendable conservation efforts, Kuno National Park faces numerous challenges that threaten its ecological integrity. Human-wildlife conflict, including crop depredation and livestock predation, poses a significant challenge to coexistence. 
• Collaborative efforts are being made to implement effective mitigation strategies, including the construction of physical barriers, compensation schemes for affected communities, and the promotion of sustainable agricultural practices.
• Another concern is the encroachment of human settlements and illegal activities within the park’s boundaries. These activities not only degrade the natural habitats but also disrupt the delicate balance of the ecosystem. 
  • Strengthening law enforcement, conducting regular patrolling, and raising awareness about the importance of protecting the park are crucial in addressing these issues.
• Furthermore, Kuno National Park has the potential to become a major tourist destination for wildlife enthusiasts, contributing to the local economy and promoting conservation awareness. With proper infrastructure development and ecotourism management, the park can attract responsible visitors who appreciate and respect its natural treasures.
• To ensure the long-term conservation of Kuno National Park, it is essential to continue strengthening collaborative efforts between government authorities, conservation organizations, local communities, and other stakeholders. 

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