The processes that bring about changes on the earth’s surface are known as geomorphic processes. These processes are divided into two: Exogenic and Endogenic processes.
The forces which derive their strength from the earth’s exterior or originate within the earth’s atmosphere are called exogenic forces or external forces.
While the endogenic forces, also called internal forces, are used to describe pressure that originates inside the earth.
This article will further elaborate upon the differences between exogenic and endogenic forces within the context of the Civil Services Examination.
Such differences and comparative analysis help candidates learn the points of difference between the two forces. Various other such concepts related to UPSC CSE Syllabus must be reviewed before appearing for government exams.
Difference Between Exogenic and Endogenic Forces
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Endogenic Forces |
Exogenic Forces |
| These are internal forces that exist deep inside the Earth.
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These are external forces that operate and act on the surface of the Earth. |
| These forces are also known as ‘constructive forces’ as they create relief features on the surface of the Earth. | These forces are also known as ‘destructive forces’ as they at times result in destruction of the existing landforms through weathering and erosional activities. |
| The ultimate source of energy behind forces that drive endogenic movements is earth’s internal heat. | Weathering, mass wasting, erosion, and deposition are the main exogenic processes. |
| Differences in temperature and pressure (temperature gradients or geothermal gradients and pressure gradients) among various layers of the earth give rise to density differences and these density differences give rise to conventional currents. | All the movements either within the earth or on the surface of the earth occur due to gradients– from higher levels to lower levels, from high pressure to low pressure etc. |
| Convection currents in the mantle drive the lithospheric plates (crust and upper mantle) and the movement of the lithospheric plates (tectonics) is the cause behind endogenic movements. | The exogenic forces derive their energy from the atmosphere determined by the ultimate energy from the sun and also the gradient created by tectonic factors. Those slopes on earth surfaces are mainly created by tectonic factors or earth movements due to endogenic forces. |
| Endogenic forces produce after-effects that are visible only after it causes sudden damage. | Exogenic forces create changes visible over a period of thousands or millions of years. |
| Examples: Earthquakes and volcanic eruptions. | Examples: Winds, rivers, glaciers etc |
Difference Between Exogenic and Endogenic Forces- Download PDF Here
Frequently Asked Questions about Endogenic and Exogenic Forces
What are the examples of Exogenic forces?
What is the example of Endogenic forces?
You can find similar topics by referring to the links given below:
- Polar Vortex
- Jet Stream
- NCERT Notes: Geography – Air
- NCERT Geography Notes – Major Landforms of the Earth
- General Circulation Of The Atmosphere: Geography Notes For UPSC
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