Comprehensive News Analysis - 25 March 2017

Table of Contents:

A. GS1 Related:
B. GS2 Related:

POLITY

1. Law Commission asks govt. to fortify democracy from hate speech

2. Bill to decriminalize suicide tabled in LS

3. Environment Ministry official to chair animal welfare board

4. U.S. orders ‘increased scrutiny’ for visas

C. GS3 Related:

ENVIRONMENT SCIENCE AND ECOLOGY

1. Another reason to flip the off switch: light pollution

2. Water in 320 of 640 dists polluted by chemicals

SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

1. Drug-resistant TB a concern

2. Two thirds of cancers caused by random genetic mistakes: U.S. study

3. Gravitational waves jettison black hole

D. GS4 Related:
E. Concepts-in-News: Related Concepts to Revise/Learn

1. Black hole

2. Supernova

3. Quasar

4. Circadian rhythm

F. BILLS/ACTS/SCHEMES/ORGS IN NEWS
G. Fun with Practice Questions 🙂
H. Archives

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Useful News Articles for UPSC Current Affairs

A. GS1 Related

Nothing here for today!!!

B. GS2 Related
Category: POLITY
1. Law Commission asks govt. to fortify democracy from hate speech 

 

What’s in news?

  • The Supreme Court in 2014 had alluded to the Law Commission for intends to arm the Election Commission to take action against abhor discourse.
  • The Law Commission of India-267th -Report threat of abhor discourse
  • Hate Speech can possibly incite people and society to confer demonstrations of psychological warfare, genocides and ethnic purifying.
  • It is a “prompting to scorn” against a specific gathering of people underestimated by their religious conviction, sexual introduction, sex, and so forth.
  • The best law consultative body to the administration encouraged the development of the correctional law. It drafted another law — The Criminal Law (Amendment) Bill, 2017 — embedding new Sections to invigorate majority rules system against loathe talks.
  • Section 153C-punishes instigation to disdain and rebuffs a blameworthy individual with two years’ detainment or ₹5,000 in fine or both
  • Section 505A-interestingly makes ‘bringing about dread, caution, or incitement of savagery in specific cases’ a particular criminal offense and discipline of one year detainment or ₹5,000 in fine or both.
  • In the period of innovation, the namelessness of Internet permits a blackguard to effectively spread false and hostile thoughts.
  • Indisputably, hostile discourse has genuine and pulverizing impacts on individuals’ lives and dangers their wellbeing and security. It is unsafe and divisive for groups and hampers social advance. In the event that left unchecked, despise discourse can extremely influence appropriate to life of each person
  • Incitement to viciousness can’t be the sole test for deciding if a discourse adds up to abhor discourse or not. Indeed, even discourse that does not impel brutality has the capability of minimizing a specific segment of the general public or person. 

What is Hate Speech?

Hate Speech is any word composed or talked signs, unmistakable portrayals inside the hearing or sight of a man with the goal to bring about dread or alert, or prompting to savagery.

 2. Bill to decriminalize suicide tabled in LS 

 

What’s in news?

  • The Mental Health Care Bill, 2013, went for decriminalizing endeavored suicide and characterizing dysfunctional behavior in a more extensive and more comprehensive way, was tabled in the Lok Sabha.
  • Bill perceives suicide endeavors as a weep for offer assistance.
  • Bill bans the utilization of shock treatment for kids with dysfunctional behavior.
  • Remarkable arrangement of advance directives: The bill permits individuals to pick somebody who can deal with them or technique for treatment in the event that they endure emotional sickness in future.
  • Bill repeals Section 309 of the IPC which accommodated year-long detainment for a fizzled suicide offer.

3. Environment Ministry official to chair animal welfare board

 What’s in news?
  • The Animal Welfare Board of India (AWBI), a statutory counseling body under the Union Ministry of Environment, Forests and Climate Change (MoEF), will now be forever led by a senior MoEF official.
  • Previously association has dependably been led by some individual outside government, for example, veterinarians, creature welfare activists or resigned judges.
  • This is the first occasion when that an administration authority is leading the body and demonstrates that the Center needs to guarantee its diktats are actualized.
  • Differences between the AWBI and the MoEF, particularly on the lead of the jallikattu, which conveyed Chennai to a stop not long ago, was a key purpose behind the Center to apply supremacy in the administration of the association.

Fundamental Information:

  • The Chennai-based association, which gets its lawful structure from the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals Act, 1960, outlines a scope of guidelines on how creatures should be others consciously treated all around.
  • The Prevention of Cruelty to Animals Act, 1960: The Prevention of Cruelty to Animals Act is an Act of the Parliament of India instituted in 1960 to keep the curse of pointless agony or enduring on creatures and to alter the laws identifying with the aversion of mercilessness to creatures. According to the arrangements of the law the administration of India framed the Animal Welfare Board of India.

4. U.S. orders ‘increased scrutiny’ for visas

 What’s in news?
  • The Trump organization has taught all its diplomatic missions worldwide to distinguish certain gatherings that need additional investigation and embrace a thorough reviewing process for issuing visas.
  • Those applying for an American visa, including visitor and business visas, would be solicited to outfit points of interest from their work and living arrangement throughout the previous 15 years and all the telephone numbers they utilized as a part of the past five years.
  • Additional conventions have been set up to keep the section into the U.S. of remote nationals who may help, bolster or perpetrate fierce, criminal or psychological oppressor acts and guarantee that those permitted to come in are thoroughly screened.
  • The link taught visa issuing officers to ask extra inquiries to the candidates. It would likewise require the candidate to impart to visa officer all telephone numbers, messages and online networking accounts utilized as a part of the most recent five years.
  • Consular officers ought not falter to decline any case showing security concerns-All visa choices are national security choices.
 
C. GS3 Related

Category: ENVIRONMENT SCIENCE AND ECOLOGY
1. Another reason to flip the off switch: light pollution 

 

What’s in news?

  • E.g. – Bluish, high-power lights make a view-darkening glare, they have “five circumstances more noteworthy effect on circadian rest rhythms than ordinary road lights.

  • The new innovation likewise clouded our perspective of the night sky much more than customary city lighting. LEDs could twofold or triple the glow of the sky” – which implies the stars get lost against the foundation.

  • For the eleventh year running, urban areas worldwide will kill their lights 25th March to check Earth Hour in a worldwide invitation to take action on environmental change.
  • The snapshot of obscurity ought to likewise fill in as an indication of another issue that gets far less consideration: light contamination.
  • More than 80 percent of humankind lives under skies immersed with fake light. Manufactured lighting has been appeared to aggravate the regenerative cycles of a few creatures and the relocation of feathered creatures that explore utilizing the stars and to muddle night-flying bugs.
  • In the United States and Western Europe, that figure goes up to 99 percent of the populace, the majority of whom can’t perceive the Milky Way in the night sky.
  • For people, circadian rhythms that manage hormones and other substantial capacities can likewise be tossed lopsided by an excess of light around evening time.
  • Over the most recent 15 years, researcher, specialists, non-administrative associations and even UNESCO have joined the battle against light contamination by enumerating negative effects to wellbeing and prosperity – for people and different creatures.
  • In 2012, the American Medical Association (AMA) inferred that introduction to “unreasonable” night light “can upset rest and fuel rest issue”.
  • Arguably, nobody experiences more light contamination than space experts whose telescopes are blinded by the glare of urban sparkle.
  • Light contamination and it’s conceivable connections to tumor, heftiness, diabetes and sadness.
  • AMA raised another warning against utilization of light-emanating diodes, also called LEDs as road lightning framework uplifting news for the battle against an Earth-wide temperature boost, cutting on fossil-fuel consuming for power, yet it might be awful news for well-being.

2. Water in 320 of 640 dists polluted by chemicals

 What’s in news?
  • A greater part of India’s populace relies on upon sullied water or has no entrance to water assets, turning the nation water stressed.
  • A nation is water focused if every individual gets under 1,700 cubic meters of water. In India, the supply is 1,545 cubic meter.
  • Water assets service predicts water accessibility could dive to 1,341 cubic meters in 2025 and as low as 1,140 by 2050. This situation mirrors water-shortage condition where per-individual accessibility is under 1,000 cubic meters.
  • With 56% of India’s populace depending on groundwater.
  • Water in 320 of the nation’s 640 locale is defiled by chemicals like fluoride, arsenic, and substantial metals like chromium and lead. Tainted water influences 6 lakh homes specifically. Chemicals, for example, fluoride and arsenic are to a great extent poisons brought on by nature; a few ventures, however, create these chemicals. Be that as it may, the water issue is brought about generally by over-exploitation.
  • A review led – inspected water from 300 wells, and discovered water from wells that ruptured the 30-meter profundity recorded more tainting.


Category: SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

1. Drug-resistant TB a concern

Key facts:

  • The tuberculosis scourge influences 28 lakh Indians.
  • 79,000 individuals experience the ill effects of sort of TB impervious to generally anti-infection agents.
  • India has gone under feedback from the worldwide general wellbeing group for giving off base appraisals of the tuberculosis load in the vicinity of 2000 and 2015.
  • A driving master on TB called ‘India’s Tuberculosis emergency’s as “Ebola with wings.”
  • Public wellbeing specialists keep up that the unchecked ascent of multidrug-safe tuberculosis (MDR TB) in India will debilitate the advance made comprehensively.
  • 1 in each 5 instances of TB patient experience the ill effects of essential resistance TB.
  • The two new WHO suggested drugs for DR TB, Delaminid and Bedaquiline, are not right now accessible in Indian national TB program.
  • Bedaquiline is accessible at just 6 States in the nation. Individuals living with MDR and XDR-TB are not getting sufficient treatment in India. One medication is not enrolled by any stretch of the imagination. The other one is accessible just in 6 States and very frequently beyond words they can get to the prescription.

2. Two thirds of cancers caused by random genetic mistakes: U.S. study

What’s in news?

  • About 66% of malignancies are brought on by arbitrary typos(error) in DNA that happen as typical cells make duplicates of themselves, a finding that clarifies why solid people who do all that they can to maintain a strategic distance from tumor are as yet hit with the ailment U.S specialists discoveries.
  • The new discoveries depend on hereditary sequencing and growth studies from 69 nations around the globe.
  • Random DNA botches represented significantly a greater amount of the danger of creating malignancy than already suspected. The finding created an objection from malignancy specialists, who have generally held that most diseases were brought about by preventable way of life and ecological elements or acquired hereditary imperfections.
  • Although a great many people think about the genetic and ecological reasons for growth, for example, smoking, few welcome the hazard from irregular mix-ups that happen each time a typical cell partitions and duplicates its DNA into two new cells.
  • 66 percent of changes in these malignancies came about because of replicating blunders, 29 percent were created by way of life and natural components, and the rest of the 5 percent were acquired.
  • Although the greater part of these changes can’t be kept, the group focused on that early recognition and treatment can avert numerous malignancy passing, paying little respect to the cause.

3. Gravitational waves jettison black hole 

What’s in news?

  • NASA’s Hubble space telescope has recognized a supermassive dark opening that has been kicked out of the focal point of a removed cosmic system by what could be the force of gravitational waves.
  • Weighing more than one billion suns, the rebel dark opening is the most gigantic dark gap at any point distinguished to have been kicked out of its focal home.
  • Researchers gauge that it took the identical vitality of 100 million supernovas detonating at the same time to cast off the dark gap.
  • The most conceivable clarification for this propulsive vitality is that the creature protest was given a kick by gravitational waves unleashed by the merger of two strong dark gaps at the focal point of the host universe.
  • The pictures uncovered a brilliant quasar, the enthusiastic mark of a dark opening, living a long way from the galactic center. Dark gaps live in the focal point of worlds, so it’s strange to see a quasar not in the middle.
  • The group computed the dark gap’s separation from the center the dark gap had voyage more than 35,000 light years from the middle, which is more than the separation between the sun and the focal point of the Milky Way, as per the review.
  • First anticipated by Albert Einstein, gravitational waves are swells in space that are made when two huge items impact. The swells are like the concentric circles created when a powerful shake is tossed into a lake.
 
D. GS4 Related

Nothing here for today!!!

 

E. Concepts-in-News: Related Concepts to Revise/Learn

Black Hole
A black hole is a region of space-time exhibiting such strong gravitational effects that nothing—not even particles and electromagnetic radiation such as light—can escape from inside it.

Supernova
 A supernova is an astronomical event that occurs during the last stellar evolutionary stages of a massive star’s life, whose dramatic and catastrophic destruction is marked by one final titanic explosion.

Quasar
A quasar is an active galactic nucleus of very high luminosity.

Circadian rhythm
Roughly 24 hour cycle in the physiological processes of living beings, including plants, animals, fungi and cyanobacteria.
Circadian rhythms are important in determining the sleeping and feeding patterns of all animals, including human beings. There are clear patterns of brain wave activity, hormone production, cell regeneration and other biological activities linked to this daily cycle. 

 
 
F. BILLS/ACTS/SCHEMES/ORGS IN NEWS 
BILLS/ACTS/SCHEMES/ORGANISATIONS IN NEWS About the Article
 
G. Practice Questions for UPSC Prelims Exam:)
Question 1: Which among the following are groundwater pollutants?
  1. Fluoride
  2. Arsenic
  3. Chromium
  4. Lead

Choose the correct answer

  1. 1 and 2
  2. 1,2 and 4
  3. 1,2 and 3
  4. All of the above
See
Answer


(d) 

Topic-Environment and Ecology
Level-Moderate
Type-Factual

Explanation:

Water in 320 of the nation’s 640 locale is defiled by chemicals like fluoride, arsenic, and substantial metals like chromium and lead.

Question 2: Which among the following with reference to XDR-TB?
  1. XDR-TB is resistant to second-line drugs
  2. Extensively drug-resistant TB (XDR TB) is a rare type of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR TB) that is resistant to isoniazid and rifampin.

Choose the correct answer

  1. 1 only
  2. 2 only
  3. Both 1 and 2
  4. Neither 1 nor 2
See
Answer


(c) 

Topic-Science and Technology
Level-Moderate
Type-Conceptual

Explanation:

Extensively drug-resistant TB (XDR TB) is a rare type of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR TB) that is resistant to isoniazid and rifampin, plus any fluoroquinolone and at least one of three injectable second-line drugs (i.e., amikacin, kanamycin, or capreomycin). MDR TB is caused by an organism that is resistant to at least isoniazid and rifampin, the two most potent TB drugs.

Question 3: Scientists who recently created a virtual black hole in the lab 
claimed to have observed for the first time a phenomenon predicted by 
British physicist Stephen Hawking more than thirty years ago, according 
to this which of the following statement is correct.
  1. Some particles can escape black holes
  2. Black holes are spheres (3-D) and not two-dimensional as was earlier believed
  3. Black holes cannot absorb sound waves classified as hyper-frequency waves
  4. Black holes can weaken and eventually disappear/collapse
See
Answer


(a) 

Topic-Science and Technology
Level-Moderate
Type-Factual

Explanation:

“For many years, scientists believed that nothing could ever escape from a black hole — not even light. However, in 1974, Stephen Hawking suggested particles, that are now called Hawking radiation, could escape black holes.”

 

“According to him if a particle and its antimatter appeared spontaneously at the edge of a black hole, one of the pair might be pulled into the black hole while the other escaped, taking some of the energy from the black hole with it. This would explain why black holes grow smaller and eventually disappear. However, since such emissions are feeble, no one has been able to measure Hawking radiation. Researchers have instead tried to build virtual black holes in labs to test the theory.”

Question 4: Consider the following statements:
  1. Aadhaar is a 10 digit unique-identity number issued to all Indian residents based on their biometric and demographic data.
  2. Aadhaar is not a proof of citizenship.

Which of the above statements is/are correct ?

  1. 1 only
  2. 2 only
  3. Both 1 and 2
  4. None
See
Answer


(b) 

Topic-Economy
Level-Moderate
Type-Factual

Explanation:

Aadhaar is a 12 digit unique-identity number issued to all Indian residents based on their biometric and demographic data.

Aadhaar is not a proof of citizenship.

Question 5: Consider the following statements :
  1. Competition Commission of India is a constitutional body
  2. It is responsible for enforcing The Competition Act, 2002 throughout India.

Which of the above statements is/are correct ?

  1. 1 only
  2. 2 only
  3. Both 1 and 2
  4. None
See
Answer


(b) 

Topic-Polity
Level-Moderate
Type-Factual

Explanation:

Competition Commission of India is a statutory body of the Government of India responsible for enforcing The Competition Act, 2002 throughout India and to prevent activities that have an appreciable adverse effect on competition in India. It was established on 14 October 2003.

 

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