Selina Solutions Concise Biology Class 10 Chapter 10 The Nervous System

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Review questions Page: 135

A. MULTIPLE CHOICE TYPE

(Select the most appropriate option in each case).

1. The insulating sheath covering the axon is called
(a) plasmalemma (b) neurolemma
(c) dura mater (d) pia mater

Solution:-

(b) neurolemma

2. Which one of the following pairs of brain part and its function is not correctly matched?
(a) Cerebrum – memory
(b) Cerebellum – balance of body
(c) Medulla oblongata – controls activities of internal organs
(d) Pons – consciousness

Solution:-

(d) Pons – consciousness

3. A mixed nerve is one which
(a) Carries sensation from 2 or more different sense organs
(b) Contains both sensory and motor fibres
(c) Has a common root but branches into two or more nerves to different organs
(d) Has two or more roots from different parts of the brain

Solution:-

(b) Contains both sensory and motor fibres

4. Reflex action is controlled by

(a) brain (b) spinal cord

(c) autonomic (d) peripheral nervous system

Solution:-

(b) spinal cord

B. VERY SHORT ANSWER TYPE

1. Name the following:
(a) The fluid that is present inside and outside the brain.

Solution:-

The cerebrospinal fluid that is present inside and outside the brain.

(b) The junction between two nerve cells.

Solution:-

Synapse is the junction between two nerve cells.

(c) The part of the brain which is concerned with memory.

Solution:-

The cerebrum is the part of the brain which is concerned with memory.

(d) The part of the human brain which controls body temperature.

Solution:-

Hypothalamus is the part of the human brain which controls body temperature.

2. Note the relationship between the first two words and suggest the suitable word/words for the fourth place.
(a) Stimulus: Receptor:: Impulse:_________
Solution:-

Stimulus: Receptor:: Impulse: Effectors

(b) Cerebrum: Diencephalon:: Cerebellum:_______
Solution:-

Cerebrum: Diencephalon:: Cerebellum: Medulla oblongata

(c) Receptor: Sensory nerve:: Motor nerve:_______

Solution:-

Receptor: Sensory nerve:: Motor nerve: Effector

3. Complete the following statements by choosing the correct alternative from the choices given in brackets:

(a) The dorsal root ganglion of the spinal cord contains cell bodies of (motor/ sensory/ intermediate) neurons.
Solution:-

The dorsal root ganglion of the spinal cord contains cell bodies of sensory neurons.

(b) Cerebellum is the part of the brain which is responsible for
(i) Conducting reflexes in the body
(ii) Maintaining posture and equilibrium
(iii) Controlling thinking, memory and reasoning.

Solution:-

The cerebellum is the part of the brain which is responsible for maintaining posture and equilibrium.

C. SHORT ANSWER TYPE

1. Mention, the wherein human body are the following located and state their main functions:
(a) Corpus callosum

Solution:-

Corpus callosum is located in the brain. Its main function is to transfer information from one hemisphere to the other.

(b) Central canal

Solution:-

The central canal is located in the center of the spinal cord. Which runs the entire length and is continuous with the cavities of the brain. It is also filled with cerebrospinal fluid which acts as a shockproof cushion and forms a medium for the exchange of food materials, waste products, and respiratory gases with neurons.

2. State whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F).
(a) The main component of the white matter of the brain is perikaryon.

Solution:-

False

(b) The arachnoid layer fits closely inside the pia mater.
Solution:-

False

(c) A double chain of ganglia, one on each side of the nerve cord belongs to the spinal cord.

Solution:-

True

(d) Dura mater is the outermost layer of the meninges.

Solution:-

True

3. Differentiate between the following pairs with reference to the aspects in brackets.
(a) Cerebrum and cerebellum (function)
Solution:-

(b) Sympathetic nervous system and parasympathetic nervous system (overall effect on the body)

Solution:-

(c) Sensory nerve and motor nerve (direction of impulse carried)

Solution:-

(d) Medulla oblongata and cerebellum (function)

Solution:-

(e) Cerebrum and spinal cord (arrangement of cytons and exons of neurons)

Solution:-

4. Given below are two structures, write their special functional activity.
(a) Cerebellum and ____________.
Solution:-

The main function of the cerebellum is to maintain the balance of the body and coordinate muscular activity.

(b) Myelin sheath and _____________.

Solution:-

Myelin sheath acts as an insulation and prevents mixing of impulses in the adjacent axons.

5. State the functions of the following:

(a) Synapse
Solution:-

The function of the synapse is to transfer electric activity (information) from one cell to another. The transfer can be from nerve to nerve (neuro-neuro), or nerve to muscle (neuro-myo).

(b) Association neuron

Solution:-

Association neurons carry impulses from the motor neuron to the Central Nervous System.

(c) Medullary sheath

Solution:-

A medullary sheath is a protective covering surrounding and insulating certain nerve fibres.

(d) Medulla oblongata
Solution:-

Its function is to control the activities of the internal organs and other involuntary actions.

(e) Cerebellum

Solution:-

The main function of the cerebellum is to maintain the balance of the body and coordinate muscular activity.

(f) Cerebrospinal fluid

Solution:-

Which acts as a shockproof cushion and forms a medium for the exchange of food materials, waste products, and respiratory gases with neurons.

6. Explain the following terms:

(a) Motor nerve

Solution:-

It carries impulse generated by the association neuron in the CNS to the effector organ (muscle and gland).

(b) Autonomic nervous system

Solution:-

Autonomic nerves system is strongly influenced by emotion such as grief, anger, fear, sexual stimulation, etc. High blood pressure, stomach ulcers and some other troubles may arise due to long-continued emotional stress.

(c) Conditioned reflex

Solution:-

A conditioned reflex is one which develops during lifetime due to experience or learning. For example, what you experience simply at the sight or by the smell of a familiar tasty food resulting in the watering of your mouth. This means that if you have not eaten that food earlier, the response would not occur.

(d) Association neuron

Solution:-

Association neurons carry impulses from the motor neuron to the Central Nervous System.

(e) Gray matter

Solution:-

The outer portion (cortex) of the cerebrum contains cell bodies of the neurons and, being greyish in colour, is called the gray matter.

7. Rearrange the following in correct sequence pertaining to what is given within brackets at the end.

(a) Effector – Sensory neuron – Receptor – Motor neuron – Stimulus – Central nervous system – Response (Reflex arc)

Solution:-

Stimulus – Receptor – Sensory neuron – Central nervous system – Motor neuron – Effector – Response

(b) Repolarization – Depolarisation – Resting (polarized) (during conduction of nerve impulse through a nerve fibre)

Solution:-

Resting – Depolarization – Repolarization

(c) Axon endings – Nucleus – Dendrites – Axon – Perikaryon – Dendron (neuron structure)
Solution:-

Dendrites – Dendron – Perikaryon – Nucleus – Axon – Axon endings

(d) Diencephalon – Cerebellum – Medulla oblongata – Pons – Cerebrum – Mid brain (sequence of parts of human brain)

Solution:-

Cerebrum – Diencephalon – Mid-brain – Cerebellum – Pons – Medulla oblongata

D. LONG ANSWER TYPE

1. (a) What is meant by reflex action?

Solution:-

It is an automatic/quick/immediate, involuntary action in the body brought about by a stimulus.

(b) State whether the following are simple reflexes, conditioned reflexes or neither of the two.

(i) Sneezing…………………..

Solution:-

Simple

(ii) Blushing……………..

Solution:-

Simple

(iii) Contraction of eye pupil…………

Solution:-

Simple

(iv) Lifting up a book
Solution:-

Conditioned

(v) Knitting without looking

Solution:-

Conditioned

(vi) Sudden application of brakes of the cycle on sighting an obstacle in front

Solution:-

Conditioned

2. What are the advantages of having a nervous system?

Solution:-

(a) Nervous system helps our various body parts to communicate with each other.

(b) Nervous system Keeps us informed about the outside world through sense organs..

(c) It enables us to quickly detect a stimulus and then communicate and co-ordinate with external as well as internal environment to make an appropriate response.

(d) It allows carrying information generated from one part of the body to others.

3. Why is the spinal cord and the brain referred to as the central nervous system?

Solution:-

The spinal cord and the brain referred to as the central nervous system because, the brain is protected by the skull (the cranial cavity) and the spinal cord travels from the back of the brain, down the centre of the spine, stopping in the lumbar region of the lower back. The central nervous system controls our thoughts, movements, emotions, and desires. It also controls our breathing, heart rate, the release of some hormones, body temperature, and much more.

4. What is the difference between reflex action and voluntary action?

Solution:-

5. Draw a labelled diagram of a myelinated neuron.

Solution:-

6. During a while watching a scary movie, mention the effects on the following organs by the autonomous nervous system, in the table given below: (one has been done for you as an example).

Solution:-

E. STRUCTURED/APPLICATION/SKILL TYPE

1. Two hungry boys (A and B) enter a restaurant and find a table decorated as shown alongside:

Boy B starts salivating but not A. Explain the reason for this difference.

Solution:-

Salivation can occur as a natural reflex also. Salivation starts flowing down when you chew or eat food. But in the above situation of salvation, the sight or the smell of food was enough for the response. There, your brain actually remembered the taste of the food and worked in an unconscious way. Boy B started salivating because he must have tasted that food previously unlike boy A.

2. Given below are a few situations. What effective change will occur in the organ/body part mentioned and which part (sympathetic or parasympathetic) of the autonomic nervous system brings it about?

Solution:-

3. Given below is the partially incomplete scheme of the components of peripheral nervous system. Fill up the blanks numbered (1)-(12):

Solution:-

1. Central Nervous System

2. Autonomic

3. 12

4. Spinal

5. 31

6. Neck

7. Waist

8. Dilates

9. Constricts

10. Liver

11. Neck

12. Sacrun

Selina Solutions Concise Biology Class 10 Chapter 10 The Nervous System, our nervous system consists of the brain, spinal cord, sense receptors and a whole lot of nerves. The related topics covered in this chapter are neuron, nerves, two major divisions of the nervous system, parts of the brain, reflexes and some common reflexes in humans.

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Key Features of Selina Solutions Concise Biology Class 10 Chapter 10 The Nervous System

• Selina solutions provided are in simple language.
• The solutions are easily understandable.
• Solutions provided here are for the questions given in the Class 10 Selina textbook.
• They help students to learn the basics of the human nervous system.