Selina Solutions Concise Biology Class 10 Chapter 13 The Reproductive System

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Review questions Page: 181

A. MULTIPLE CHOICE TYPE

(Select the most appropriate option in each case)

1. Which one of the following is the correct route that a sperm follows when it leaves the testis of a mammal?
(a) Vas deferens → epididymis → urethra
(b) Urethra → epididymis → vas deferens
(c) Epididymis → urethra → vas deferens
(d) Epididymis → vas deferens → urethra

Solution:-

(d) Epididymis → vas deferens → urethra

2. When pregnancy does not occur, the life of corpus luteum is about:-
(a) 4 days (b) 10 days
(c) 14 days (d) 28 days

Solution:-

(d) 28 days

3. In female, after how much time after fertilization, does the fertilized egg get implanted in the uterine wall?
(a) few months (b) one month
(c) three weeks (d) about seven days

Solution:-

(d) about seven days

4. In humans, the fertilization takes place in:
(a) Uterus (b) Oviduct funnel
(c) Fallopian tube (d) vagina

Solution:-

(c) Fallopian tube

5. The middle piece of sperm provides:
(a) energy (b) food
(c) gene (d) chromosomes

Solution:-

(a) energy

6. The normal gestation period in humans is:
(a) 270 days (b) 290 days
(c) 280 days (d) 295 days

Solution:-

(c) 280 days

B. VERY SHORT ANSWER TYPE

1. Name the following:
(a) The fluid surrounding the developing embryo.

Solution:-

The amniotic fluid surrounding the developing embryo.

(b) The body part in which the embryo develops.

Solution:-

Uterus is the body part in which the embryo develops.

(c) The membrane which protects the foetus and encloses a fluid.

Solution:-

Amniotic membrane which protects the foetus and encloses a fluid.

(d) The canal through which the testes descend into the scrotum just before birth in human male child.

Solution:-

Inguinal canal through the testes descends into the scrotum just before birth in a human male child.

2. Choose the odd one in each of the following:
(a) Sperm; implantation; fertilization; ovum; afterbirth.

Solution:-

Sperm.

(b) Relaxin; cervix dilates; amniotic sac ruptures; child birth; follicle.

Solution:-

Follicle.

3. Rewrite the terms in the correct order so as to be in a logical sequence.

(a) Implantation, ovulation, child birth, gestation, fertilization.

Solution:-

Ovulation → fertilization → implantation → gestation → childbirth

(b) Coitus, ovum, sperm, sperm duct, urethra, vagina.

Solution:-

Sperm → sperm duct → urethra → coitus → vagina → ovum

(c) Sperm duct, penis, testes, sperms, semen.

Solution:-

Testes → Sperms → Sperm duct → Semen → Penis

(d) Puberty, menopause, menstrual, menarche, reproductive age.
Solution:-

Menarche → puberty → Reproductive age → menstrual → menopause

(e) Graafian follicle, Ostium, Uterus, Fallopian tube.

Solution:-

Graafian follicle → Ostium → Fallopian tube → Uterus

4. Give appropriate terms for each of the following:

(a) The onset of the reproductive phase in a female.
Solution:-

Menarche

(b) Rupture of follicle and release of ovum from the ovary.
Solution:-

Ovulation

(c) Monthly discharge of blood and disintegrated tissues in human female.
Solution:-

Menstruation

(d) Process of fusion of ovum and sperm.
Solution:-

Fertilization

(e) Fixing of developing zygote (blastocyst) on the uterine wall.

Solution:-

Implantation

5. Match the items in column I with those in column II and write down the matching pairs (some may not match)

Column I Column II

(a) Acrosome (i) An embryo which looks like human baby

(b) Gestation (ii) Luteinizing hormone

(c) Menopause (iii) Ovum producing cells

(d) Foetus (iv) Semen

(e) Oogenesis (v) Spermatozoa

(f) Ovulation (vi) Complete stoppage of menstrual cycle

(vii) Time taken by a fertilized egg till the delivery of baby

Solution:-

Column I Column II

(a) Acrosome (v) Spermatozoa

(b) Gestation (vii) Time taken by a fertilized egg till the delivery

of baby

(c) Menopause (vi) Complete stoppage of the menstrual cycle

(d) Foetus (i) An embryo which looks like a human baby

(e) Oogenesis (iii) Ovum producing cells

(f) Ovulation (ii) Luteinizing hormone

6. Name the following:

(a) The body part in which the testes are present in a human male.
Solution:-

The scrotum is the body part in which the testes are present in a human male.

(b) The part where the sperms are produced in the testes.
Solution:-

Seminiferous Tubules is the part where the sperms are produced in the testes.

(c) The fully developed part of the ovary containing a mature egg.
Solution:-

The Graafian follicle is the fully developed part of the ovary containing a mature egg.

(d) The accessory gland in human males whose secretion activates the sperms.
Solution:-

The seminal vesicle is the accessory gland in human males whose secretion activates the sperms.

(e) The tubular knot fitting like a cap on the upper side of the testis.

Solution:-

Epididymis is the tubular knot fitting like a cap on the upper side of the testis.

7. Choose the odd one in each of the following:

(a) Oestrogen; progesterone; testosterone; prolactin.
Solution:-

Testosterone

(b) Ovary; fallopian tube; ureter; uterus.
Solution:-

Ureter

(c) Seminiferous tubule; ovum; epididymis; sperm duct; urethra.
Solution:-

Ovum

(d) Sperm; implantation; fertilisation; ovum; after birth.

Solution:-

After birth

C. SHORT ANSWER TYPE

1. (a) State whether the following statements are TRUE (T) or FALSE (F):
(b) Rewrite any two of the wrong statements by correcting only one word either at the beginning or at the end of the sentence.

(i) Fertilisation occurs in the vagina. (T/F)

Solution:-

(a) False

(b) Fertilisation occurs at the end of the fallopian tube.

(ii) Uterus is also known as birth canal. (T/F)

Solution:-

(a) False

(b) Cervix, vagina, and vulva form the birth canal.

(iii) Nutrition and oxygen diffuse from the mother’s blood into the foetus’s blood through amnion. (T/F)

Solution:-

(a) False

(b) Nutrition and oxygen diffuse from the mother’s blood into the foetus’s blood through the placenta.

(iv) Gestation period in humans is about 380 days. (T/F)
Solution:-

(a) False

(b) Gestation period in humans is about 280 days.

2. Complete the following table by writing the name of the structure or the function of the given structure:

Structure Function

1. Corpus luteum 1. ……………………

2. …………………….. 2. Produces male gametes in mass.

3. Placental disc 3. ……………………

4. …………………….. 4. Increases the force in uterine contractions

5. Umbilical cord 5. ……………………

6. Fallopian tube 6. ……………………

Solution:-

Structure Function

1. Corpus luteum 1. Secretes progesterone and other hormones to prepare the

uterine wall for the receival of the embryo.

2. Testes 2. Produces male gametes in mass.

3. Placental disc 3. Supplies oxygen and nutrients to the embryo

4. Oxytocin 4. Increases the force in uterine contractions

5. Umbilical cord 5. Connects placenta with the foetus

6. Fallopian tube 6. The site of fertilization for the sperm and ovum

3. Given below are the names of certain stages/substances related to reproduction and found in human body. Answer the questions related to them,
(a) Foetus
(i) Where is it contained?

Solution:-

Foetus is contained in the uterus.

(ii) How does it differ from embryo?
Solution:-

In the foetus, limbs have appeared and resembled the humans, unlike the embryo which is a growing or dividing zygote.

(b) Hyaluronidase
(i) Is it an enzyme or simply a protein?
Solution:-

It is an enzyme.

(ii) What is its function?
Solution:-

The acrosome at the top of the head of the sperm secretes an enzyme which facilitates entry of the sperm into the egg by dissolving the wall of the ovum.

(c) Morula
(i) What is this stage?
Solution:-

It is the stage in the development of human embryo which consists of a spherical mass of cells.

(ii) Name the stage which comes next to it.
Solution:-

A blastocyst is the stage which comes next to Morula.

(d) Amniotic fluid
(i) Where is it found?

Solution:-

Amniotic fluid is found between amnion and embryo.

(ii) What are its functions?

Solution:-

The function of amniotic fluid are,

1. Protects the embryo from physical damage by jerks or mechanical shocks.

2. Keeps an even pressure all around the embryo.

3. Allows the foetus some restricted movement.

(e) Placenta
(i) What are the two sources that form placenta?

Solution:-

The placenta is formed of two sets of minute finger-like projections, the villi. One set of villi are given out by the uterine wall and the other set by an extension (allantois) from the embryo.

(ii) Name any two main substances which pass from foetus to mother through placenta.
Solution:-

Oxygen and amino acids are two main substances which pass from foetus to mother through placenta.

(iii) Name any two hormones it produces.
Solution:-

Progesterone and oestrogen

(f) Implantation
(i) The development stage that undergoes this process.
Solution:-

Blastocyst

(ii) The approximate time after fertilization, when it occurs.

Solution:-

It occurs in about 5-7 days after ovulation.

4. What is semen?

Solution:-

Semen is the mixture of sperms and secretions from seminal vesicles, prostate, Cowper’s and urethral glands.

5. Describe the functions of the following:
(a) Inguinal canal

Solution:-

The inguinal canal originally is the one which allows the descent of testes along with their ducts, blood vessels, nerves etc.

(b) Prostate gland
Solution:-

A bilobed structure which surrounds the urethra close to its origin from the bladder. It pours an alkaline secretion into the semen as it passes through the urethra.

(c) Testis

Solution:-

Testis is a male reproductive organ. The two testis are oval organs which are contained in a thin-walled sac of skin called scrotum. Testes produce sperms which are the male gametes.

(d) Ovary

Solution:-

Ovary is a female reproductive organ. It produces ova i.e. female gametes.

(e) Oviduct

Solution:-

The two oviducts also called Fallopian tubes are about 12 cm long. Near the corresponding ovary, each oviduct has a funnel-shaped opening called the oviducal funnel. Oviduct carries the released ovum from the ovary to the uterus.

6. What are the secondary sexual characters in the human male and female respectively?

Solution:-

The secondary sexual characters in the male are,

(i) Distribution of hair on body and face (beard and moustaches)

(ii) Stronger muscular built.

(iii) Deep voice

The secondary sexual characters in the female are,

(i) Breasts

(ii) Large hips

7. What are the accessory reproductive organs?

Solution:-

The accessory reproductive parts include all those structures, ducts and glands which help in the transfer and meeting of two kinds of sex cells leading to fertilization and growth and development of egg up to the birth of the baby.

8. Differentiate between the primary and accessory reproductive organs.

Solution:-

9. What is hymen?

Solution:-

The hymen is a thin membrane which partially covers the opening of the vagina in young females.

10. Define the following terms:

(a) Hernia

Solution:-

Sometimes, due to pressure in the abdomen, the intestine bulges into the scrotum through the inguinal canal

(b) Ovulation

Solution:-

Ovulation is the rupture of the follicle releasing the egg. The released egg is picked up by fimbrae of oviducal funnel of the oviduct.

(c) Puberty

Solution:-

Puberty is the period during which the immature reproductive system of boys and boys and girls mature and becomes capable of reproducing.

11. List any two changes each in human male and female, which occur during puberty.

Solution:-

Changes in a human male,

(i) Development of Beard and moustache

(ii) Voice becomes deeper

Changes in human female,

(i) Enlargement of breasts

(ii) Development of high pitched voice

12. Differentiate between the following pairs of terms:
(a) Menarche and menopause
Solution:-

(b) Cowper’s gland and prostate gland
Solution:-

(c) Hymen and clitoris

Solution:-

(d) Uterus and vagina

Solution:-

(e) Efferent duct and sperm duct

Solution:-

D. LONG ANSWER TYPE

1. Differentiate between:
(a) Semen and sperm
Solution:-

(b) Implantation and pregnancy
Solution:-

(c) Follicle and corpus luteum
Solution:-

(d) Amnion and allantois

Solution:-

(e) Prostate gland and Cowper’s gland (the nature of secretion)
Solution:-

(f) Identical twins and fraternal twins

Solution:-

2. Name and describe very briefly, the stages in the development of human embryo.

Solution:-

(1) Egg (ovum) – Unfertilised stage, released from an ovary

(2) Zygote – Fertilised egg, 1-cell state.

(3) Morula – A spherical mass of cells, resulting from the repeated division of the zygote.

(4) Blastocyst – Hollow sphere of cells with a surrounding single cellular layer (trophoblast) and an inner cell mass projecting from it centrally. Fixes into the uterine wall.

(5) Embryo – A tiny organism about the size of a large pea, hardly resembles a human being

(6) Advanced embryo – Heart and blood vessels have formed

(7) Foetus – Limbs have appeared. Some resemblance with an ultimate human being.

(8) Infant – Born at the end of nearly 40 weeks.

3. Describe the functions of
(a) Amnion
Solution:-

Amniotic fluid fills the space between the amnion and the embryo.

The functions are,

1. Protects the embryo from physical damage by jerks or mechanical shocks.

2. Keeps an even pressure all around the embryo.

3. Allows the foetus some restricted movement.

(b) Placenta

Solution:-

The functions are,

1. The growing embryo is the living organism. It needs food and oxygen.

2. It excretes nitrogenous wastes and carbon dioxide which need to be continuously removed.

3. Placenta also acts as an endocrine gland.

4. What is the significance of the testes being located in the scrotal sacs outside the abdomen. Can there be any abnormal situation regarding their location? If so, what is that and what is the harm caused due to it?

Solution:-

The two testes are oval organs which are contained in a thin-walled sac of skin called the scrotum.

In the embryonic stage, the testes are contained within the abdomen. They descend into the scrotum shortly before birth, an abnormal condition results when they do not descend and it leads to sterility i.e., incapable of produce sperms.

Sperms are produced in the testes at a temperature 2^oC to 3^oC lower than that of the body. This temperature is regulated in a strange manner through the movements of the scrotum wall.

When it is too hot, the skin of the scrotum loosens so that the testes hang down away from the body. When it is cold, the skin contracts in a folded manner and draws the testes closer to the body for warmth.

5. Is it correct to say that the testes produce testosterone? Discuss.

Solution:-

Testosterone is the male reproductive hormone produced by the interstitial cells or the Leydig cells. Interstitial cells are packing tissues between the coils of the seminiferous tubules. The interstitial cells also called Leydig cells to produce the male hormone testosterone.

6. Suppose a normal woman has never borne a child. How many mature eggs would she have produced in her lifetime? Your calculation should be based on two clues:-
(a) Eggs are produced at the rate of 1 egg every 28 days (one menstrual cycle)
(b) A woman’s total reproductive period is 13-45 years.

Solution:-

By considering the above clues,

The total reproductive period = 45 – 13 = 32 years

Then,

Total eggs produced = 32 × 12

= 384 eggs

E. Structured/application/skill type

1. Given below is a diagram of two systems together in the human body.

(a) Name the systems.
Solution:-

Excretory system and Female reproductive system.

(b) Name the parts numbered 1-10.
Solution:-

Part 1 represents kidney

Part 2 represents ureter

Part 3 represents Fallopian tube

Part 4 represents Infundibulum

Part 5 represents Ovary

Part 6 represents Uterus

Part 7 represents Urinary Bladder

Part 8 represents Cervix

Part 9 represents Vagina

Part 10 represents Vulva

(c) Describe the functions of the parts 3, 4, 5 and 6.

Solution:-

The function of part 3 Fallopian tube carries the ovum released from the ovary to the uterus.

The function of part 4 Infundibulum is picked up the released egg by fimbrane of oviducal funnel of the oviduct.

The function of the part 5 Ovary is producing female gametes.

The function of the part 6 Uterus has two regions, an upper wider portion which receives the two oviducts and a small lower constricted part, the cervix or neck.

2. The following diagram represents the vertical sectional view of the human female reproductive system.

(a) Label the parts indicated by the guidelines 1 to 8.

Solution:-

Part 1 represents Fallopian tube

Part 2 represents Infundibulum

Part 3 represents Ureter

Part 4 represents Vagina

Part 5 represents Ovary

Part 6 represents Uterus

Part 7 represents Urinary Bladder

Part 8 represents Urethra

(b) How does the uterus prepare for the reception of zygote?

Solution:-

Oestrogen secreted by the corpus luteum secrets oestrogen. Oestrogen stimulates the thickening of the endometrial wall of the uterus. The uterine wall becomes thickened and is supplied with a lot of blood to receive the fertilized egg.

(c) What happens to the uterus, if fertilization fails to take place?

Solution:-

If there is no fertilization, the ovum disintegrates and the corpus luteum stops producing progesterone. As a result, the thickened lining of the uterus restarts shedding on the 28^th day and losses blood which escapes through the cervix and vagina.

3. Given below is the schematic diagram of the sectional view of the human male reproductive system.

a. Name the parts numbered 1-11.

Solution:-

Part 1 represents Seminal vesicles

Part 2 represents Prostate gland

Part 3 represents Bulbo-urethral gland

Part 4 represents Epididymis

Part 5 represents Testis

Part 6 represents Scrotum

Part 7 represents Urinary bladder

Part 8 represents Vas deference

Part 9 represents Erectile tissue

Part 10 represents Penis

Part 11 represents Urethra

b. State the functions of the parts numbered 1, 2, 3, 5, 8 and 11.

Solution:-

The function of part 1 Seminal vesicles, they produce the fluid which serves as the transporting medium for sperms.

The function of part 2 Prostate gland is, it pours an alkaline secretion into the semen as it passes through the urethra. It neutralizes acid in female’s vagina.

The function of part 3 Bulbo-urethral gland is, these are two small ovoid glands which open into the urethra just before it enters the penis. The secretion serves as a lubricant.

The function of part 5 Testis is a male reproductive organ. The two testis are oval organs which are contained in a thin-walled sac of skin called scrotum. Testes produce sperms which are the male gametes.

The function of part 8 Vas deference is carrying the sperms from the epididymis to the urethra.

The function of part 11 Urethra is, it serves as an outlet for delivering the sperms into the vagina.

4. The diagram below represents two reproductive cells A and B. Study the same and then answer the questions that follow:

a. Identify the reproductive cells A and B

Solution:-

A is Ovum

B is Sperm

b. Name the specific part of the reproductive system where the above cells are produced.

Solution:-

Ovum is produced in the ovary.

Sperms are produced in the testis.

c. Where in the female reproductive system do these cells unite?

Solution:-

In the fallopian tubes, reproductive system cells unite.

d. Name the main hormone secreted by the (1) ovary (2) testes.

Solution:-

The main hormone secreted by the Ovary is Oestrogen and progesterone.

The main hormone secreted by the Testis is Testosterone.

e. Name an accessory gland found in the male reproductive system and state its secretion.

Solution:-

Accessory glands:

(i) Seminal vesicle – Seminal fluid

(ii) Prostate gland – Alkaline secretion

(iii) Bulbo-urethral gland – Lubricant

5. The diagram given below is that of a developing human foetus in the womb. Study the same and answer the questions that follow:

(a) Name the parts ‘1’ to ‘5’ indicated by guidelines.
Solution:-

Part 1 represents Umbilical cord

Part 2 represents Placenta

Part 3 represents amnion

Part 4 represents the mouth of the uterus

Part 5 represents the muscular wall of the uterus

(b) What term is given to the period of development of the foetus in the womb?
Solution:-

Gestation

(c) How many days does the foetus take to be fully developed?
Solution:-

280 days

(d) Mention two functions of the parts labelled ‘2’ other than its endocrine functions.
Solution:-

Placenta provides the foetus with oxygen and nutrients. In addition, the placenta also removes carbon dioxide and waste products of the foetus.

(e) Name (any one) hormone produced by the part labelled ‘2’.

Solution:-

Progesterone

6. Given below is a portion of the diagram to show the diagrammatic highly magnified view of a single human sperm. Complete the diagram to show its internal structure.

Solution:-

7. The figure given below represents the female reproductive system of a mammal.

(a) Name the parts labeled A-D.

Solution:-

A represents Muscular wall of the uterus,

B represents Oviduct,

C represents Ovary,

D represents Cervix

(b) What will happen if the part B on both sides gets blocked?

Solution:-

If part B will get blocked, ovum released from the ovary will not get fertilized by the sperm and hence pregnancy will be prevented.

8. Given below is the outline of the male reproductive system. Name the parts labelled 1 to 8 and state their functions. Also name the corresponding structure of part (4) in the female reproductive system.

Solution:-

(i) Part 1 represents Urinary bladder – It stores the urine.

(ii) Part 2 represents Ureter – it Carries urine from the urinary bladder to the urethra.

(iii) Part 3 represents Bulbo-urethral glands – Secretion serves as a lubricant.

(iv) Part 4 represents Sperm duct/Vas deferens – Allows the transit of sperms from the testicles to the outside of the body

(v) Part 5 represents Urethra – Carries urine from the bladder to outside of the body.

(vi) Part 6 represents Testis – Production of sperms

(vii) Part 7 represents Scrotum – Protects the testes

(viii) Part 8 represents Epididymis – Stores and allows the maturation of sperms before release.

The corresponding structure of part (4) Sperm duct/Vas deferens in the female reproductive system is Fallopian tubes.

Selina Solutions Concise Biology Class 10 Chapter 13 The Reproductive System, reproduction is the formation of new individuals by sexual or asexual means, which can repeat the process in their own turn. Topics related to this chapter are patterns of reproduction, reproduction in humans, menstrual cycle, implantation and pregnancy and placenta.

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