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Natural numbers are the numbers by which we can count things in nature like 4 trees, 6 houses, etc. Natural numbers along with 0 forms a collection of whole numbers. Faculty at BYJU’S have prepared the solutions with the aim to help students in solving difficult problems with ease. Download the Selina Solutions Concise Mathematics Class 6 PDF, from the links available here
Selina Solutions Concise Mathematics Class 6 Chapter 5: Natural Numbers And Whole Numbers Download PDF
Exercises of Selina Solutions Concise Mathematics Class 6 Chapter 5 Natural Numbers And Whole Numbers
Access Selina Solutions Concise Mathematics Class 6 Chapter 5 Natural Numbers And Whole Numbers
Exercise 5(A) page no: 31
1. Fill in the blanks :
(i) Smallest natural number is …………..
(ii) Smallest whole number is …………
(iii) Largest natural number is …………
(iv) Largest whole number is ………..
(v) All natural numbers are …………
Solution:
(i) Smallest natural number is 1
(ii) Smallest whole number is 0
(iii) Largest natural number is not possible
(iv) Largest whole number is not possible
(v) All natural numbers are whole numbers
2. Represent the following whole numbers on a number line:
0, 3, 5, 8, 10
Solution:
Number line used to represent whole numbers 0, 3, 5, 8, 10 is shown below
3. State, true or false :
(i) Whole number are closed for addition.
(ii) If a and b are any two whole numbers, then a + b is not a whole number.
(iii) If a and b are any two whole numbers, then a + b = b + a
(iv) 0 + 18= 18 + 0
(v) Addition of whole numbers is associative.
Solution:
(i) True
(ii) False
(iii) True
(iv) True
(v) True
4. Fill in the blanks :
(i) 54 + 234 = 234 + …………
(ii) 332 + 497 = ………… + 332
(iii) 286 + 0 = ………..
(iv) 286 x 1 = ……….
(v) a + (b + c) = (a + ………) + c
Solution:
(i) 54 + 234 = 234 + 54
(ii) 332 + 497 = 497 + 332
(iii) 286 + 0 = 286
(iv) 286 × 1 = 286
(v) a + (b + c) = (a + b) + c
5. By re-arranging the given numbers, evaluate:
(i) 237 + 308 + 163
(ii) 162 + 253 +338 + 47
(iii) 21 + 22 + 23 + 24 + 25 + 75 + 76 + 77 + 78 + 79
(iv) 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 596 + 597 + 598 + 599
Solution:
(i) 237 + 308 + 163
= (237 + 163) + 308 (by associative law)
= 400 + 308
= 708
(ii) 162 + 253 + 338 + 47
= (162 + 338) + (253 + 47) (by associative law)
= 500 + 300
= 800
(iii) 21 + 22 + 23 + 24 + 25 + 75 + 76 + 77 + 78 + 79
= (21 + 79) + (22 + 78) + (23 + 77) + (24 + 76) + (25 + 75) (by associative law)
= 100 + 100 + 100 + 100 + 100
= 500
(iv) 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 596 + 597 + 598 + 599
= (1 + 599) + (2 + 598) + (3 + 597) + (4 + 596) (by associative law)
= 600 + 600 + 600 + 600
= 2400
6. Is a + b + c = a + (b + c) = (b + a) + c?
Solution:
Yes, for any set of three whole numbers if the sum of any two whole numbers is added to the third whole number, then whatever be the order, the sum will remain the same.
7. Which property of addition is satisfied by:
(i) 8 + 7 = 15
(ii) 3+ (5 + 4) = (3 + 5)+ 4
(iii) 8 x (8 + 0) = 8 x 8 + 8 x 0
(iv) (7 + 6) x 10 = 7 x 10 + 6 x 10
(v) (15 – 12) x 18 = 15 x 18 – 12 x 18
Solution:
(i) 8 + 7 = 15
The property used as closure property satisfied by 15
(ii) 3 + (5 + 4) = (3 + 5) + 4
3 + (5 + 4) = 3 + 9 = 12 and
(3 + 5) + 4 = 8 + 4 = 12
The property used as Associative law of addition satisfied by 12
(iii) 8 x (8 + 0) = 8 x 8 + 8 x 0
8 × (8 + 0) = 8 × 8
= 64 and
8 × 8 + 8 × 0 = 64 + 0
= 64
The property used as Distributive of multiplication over addition satisfied by 64
(iv) (7 + 6) × 10 = 7 × 10 + 6 × 10
(7 + 6) × 10 = 13 × 10
= 130 and
7 × 10 + 6 × 10 = 70 + 60
= 130
The property used as Distributive property over addition satisfied by 130
(v) (15 – 12) x 18 = 15 x 18 – 12 x 18
(15 – 12) × 18 = 3 × 18
= 54 and
15 × 18 – 12 × 18 = 270 – 216
= 54
The property used as Distributive over subtraction satisfied by 54
8. State, True or False :
(i) The sum of two odd numbers is an odd number.
(ii) The sum of two odd numbers is an even number.
(iii) The sum of two even numbers is an even number.
(iv) The sum of two even numbers is an odd number.
(v) The sum of an even number and an odd number is odd number.
(vi) Every whole number is a natural number.
(vii) Every natural number is a whole number.
(viii) Every whole number + 0 = The whole number itself.
(ix) Every whole number × 1 = The whole number itself.
(x) Commutativity and associativity are properties of natural numbers and whole numbers both.
(xi) Commutativity and associativity are properties of addition for natural and whole numbers both.
(xii) If x is a whole number then –x is also a whole number.
Solution:
(i) False
The sum of two odd numbers is an even number
(ii) True
(iii) True
(iv) False
The sum of two even numbers is an even number
(v) True
(vi) False
Every natural number is a whole number
(vii) True
(viii) True
(ix) True
(x) True
(xi) True
(xii) True
Exercise 5(b) page no: 34
1. Consider two whole numbers a and b such that a is greater than b.
(i) Is a – b a whole number ? Is this result always true?
(ii) b-a a whole number ? Is this result always true?
Solution:
Let us take a = 2 and b = 1
(i) a – b = 2 – 1
= 1
Yes, a – b is a whole number and the result will always remain true
(ii) b – a = 1 – 2
= -1
No, (b – a) cannot be a whole number and this result will always remain true.
2. Fill in the blanks :
(i) 8 – 0 = ……….. and 0 – 8 = ……….
8 – 0 ≠0 – 8, this shows subtraction of whole numbers is not ………..
(ii) 5 – 10 = ………., which is not a …………
=> Subtraction of ……….. is not closed.
(iii) 7 – 18 = ……….. and (7 – 18) – 5 = …………..
18 – 5 = …………. and (7 – 18) – 5 = ………….
Is (7 – 18) – 5 = 7 – (18 – 5) ?
=> Subtraction of whose numbers is not ………….
Solution:
(i) 8 – 0 = 8 and 0 – 8 = – 8
8 – 0 ≠0 – 8, this shows subtraction of whole numbers is not commutative
(ii) 5 – 10 = – 5, which is not a whole number
=> Subtraction of whole numbers is not closed.
(iii) 7 – 18 = – 11 and (7 – 18) – 5 = – 16
18 – 5 = 13 and (7 – 18) – 5 = – 16
Is (7 – 18) – 5 = 7 – (18 – 5) =?
No (7 – 18) – 5 ≠7 – (18 – 5)
=> Subtraction of whole numbers is not associative
3.Write the identity number, if possible for subtraction.
Solution:
It is not possible because for subtraction no identity number exists.
4.Write the inverse, if possible for subtraction of whole numbers?
Solution:
Since subtraction for every non-zero whole number does not have identity number, its inverse does not exist.
5. 12 x (9 – 6) = ………….. = ………….
12 x 9 – 12 x 6 = …………. = …………….
Is 12 x (9 – 6) = 12 x 9 – 12 x 6? ………….
Is this type of result always true? ……………
Name the property used here …………..
Solution:
12 × (9 – 6) = 12 × 3 = 36
12 × 9 – 12 × 6 = 108 – 72 = 36
Is 12 × (9 – 6) = 12 × 9 – 12 × 6? Yes
Is this type of result always true? Yes
Name the property used here Distributive property
6. (16 – 8) x 24 = ………….. = …………..
16 x 24 – 8 x 24 = …….. – ……….. = ………..
Is (16 – 8) x 24 = 16 x 24 – 8 x 24? …………..
Is the type of result always true? ………….
Name the property used here ………………
Solution:
(16 – 8) × 24 = 8 × 24 = 192
16 × 24 – 8 × 24 = 384 – 192 = 192
Is (16 – 8) × 24 = 16 × 24 – 8 × 24? Yes
Is the type of result always true? Yes
Name the property used here Distributive property.
Exercise 5(c) page no: 39
1. Fill in the blanks :
(i) 42 x o = ……….
(ii) 592 x 1 = ………..
(iii) 328 x 573 = ……….. x 328
(iv) 229 x ………… = 578 x 229
(v) 32 x 15 = 32 x 6 + 32 x 7 + 32 x ……….
(vi) 23 × 56 = 20 × 56 + ………… × 56
(vii) 83 × 54 + 83 × 16 = 83 × (……….) = 83 × ………… = ……….
(viii) 98 × 273 – 75 × 273 = (………..)× 273 = ………. × 273
Solution:
(i) 42 × 0 = 0 (By closure property 0)
(ii) 592 × 1 = 592 (By closure property 1)
(iii) 328 × 573 = 573 × 328 (By commutative law of multiplication)
(iv) 229 × 578 = 578 × 229 (By commutative law of multiplication)
(v) 32 × 15 = 32 × 6 + 32 × 7 + 32 × 2 (By distributive law of multiplication)
(vi) 23 × 56 = 20 × 56 + 3 × 56 (By distributive law of multiplication)
(vii) 83 × 54 + 83 × 16 = 83 × (54 + 16) = 83 × 70 = 5810
(viii) 98 × 273 – 75 × 273 = (98 – 75) × 273 = 23 × 273
2.By re-arranging the given numbers, evaluate :
(i) 2 x 487 x 50
(ii) 25 x 444 x 4
(iii) 225 x 20 x 50 x 4
Solution:
(i) 2 × 487 × 50
2 × 50 = 100
2 × 487 × 50 = (2 × 50) × 487
= 100 × 487
= 48700
(ii) 25 × 444 × 4
25 × 4 = 100
25 × 444 × 4 = (25 × 4) × 444
= 100 × 444
= 44400
(iii) 225 × 20 × 50 × 4
(225 × 4) × (20 × 50) = 900 ×1000
= 900000
3.Use distributive law to evaluate:
(i) 984 x 102
(ii) 385 x 1004
(iii) 446 x 10002
Solution:
(i) 984 × 102
= 984 × (100 + 2)
= 984 × 100 + 984 × 2
= 98400 + 1968
= 100, 368
(ii) 385 × 1004
= 385 × (1000 + 4)
= 385 × 1000 + 385 × 4
= 385000 + 1540
= 386540
(iii) 446 × 10002
= 446 × (10000 + 2)
= 446 × 10000 + 446 × 2
= 4460000 + 892
= 4460892
4. Evaluate using properties:
(i) 548 x 98
(ii) 924 x 988
(iii) 3023 x 723
Solution:
(i) 548 × 98
= (500 + 40 + 8) × 98
= 500 × 98 + 40 × 98 + 8 × 98
= 49000 + 3920 + 784
= 53704
(ii) 924 × 988
= (900 + 20 + 4) × 988
= 900 × 988 + 20 × 988 + 4 × 988
= 889200 + 19760 + 3952
= 912912
(iii) 3023 × 723
= (3000 + 20 + 3) × 723
= 3000 × 723 + 20 × 723 + 3 × 723
= 2169000 + 14460 + 2169
= 2185629
5. Evaluate using properties :
(i) 679 x 8 + 679 x 2
(ii) 284 x 12 – 284 x 2
(iii) 55873 x 94 + 55873 x 6
(iv) 7984 x 15 – 7984 x 5
(v) 8324 x 1945 – 8324 x 945
(vi) 3333 × 987 + 13 × 3333
Solution:
(i) 679 × 8 + 679 × 2
= 679 × (8 + 2) (using distributivity)
= 679 × 10
= 6790
(ii) 284 × 12 – 284 × 2
= 284 × (12 – 2) (using distributivity)
= 284 × 10
= 2840
(iii) 55873 × 94 + 55873 × 6
= 55873 × (94 + 6) (using distributivity)
= 55873 × 100
= 5587300
(iv)7984 × 15 – 7984 × 5
= 7984 × (15 – 5) (using distributivity)
= 7984 × 10
= 79840
(v) 8324 × 1.945 – 8324 × 945
= 8324 × (1945 – 945) (using distributivity)
= 8324 × 1000
= 8324000
(vi) 3333 × 987 + 13 × 3333
= 3333 × (987 + 13) (using distributiviy)
= 3333 × 1000
= 3333000
6. Find the product of the :
(i) greatest number of three digits and smallest number of five digits.
(ii) greatest number of four digits and the greatest number of three digits.
Solution:
(i) Greatest number of three digits = 999
Smallest number of five digits = 10000
Required product = 999 × 10000
= 9990000
(ii) Greatest number of four digits = 9999
Greatest number of three digits = 999
Required product = 9999 × 999
= 9999 × (1000 – 1)
= 9999 × 1000 – 9999 × 1 (using distributivity)
= (10000 – 1) × 1000 – (10000 – 1) × 1
= 10000000 – 1000 – 10000 + 1
= 10000001 – 11000
= 9989001
7.Fill in the blanks:
(i) (437 + 3) x (400 – 3) = 397 x ……….
(ii) 66 + 44 + 22 = 11 x (………..) = 11 x ……….
Solution:
(i) (437 + 3) × (400 – 3) = 397 × 440
(ii) 66 + 44 + 22 = 11 × (6 + 4 + 2) = 11 × 12 = 132
8. Evaluate:
(i) 355 × 18
(ii) 6214 × 12
(iii) 15 × 49372
(iv) 9999 × 8
Solution:
(i) 355 × 18
This can be written as
= (300 + 50 + 5) × 18
= (300 × 18) + (50 × 18) + (5 × 18)
= 5400 + 900 + 90
= 6390
(ii) 6214 × 12
This can be written as
= (6000 + 200 + 10 + 4) × 12
= (6000 × 12) + (200 × 12) + (10 × 12) + (4 × 12)
= 72000 + 2400 + 120 + 48
= 74568
(iii) 15 × 49372
This can be written as
= 15 × (40000 + 9000 + 300 + 70 + 2)
= (15 × 40000) + (15 × 9000) + (15 × 300) + (15 × 70) + (15 × 2)
= 600000 + 135000 + 4500 + 1050 + 30
= 740580
(iv) 9999 × 8
This can be written as
= (9000 + 900 + 90 + 9) × 8
= (9000 × 8) + (900 × 8) + (90 × 8) + (9 × 8)
= 72000 + 7200 + 720 + 72
= 79992
Exercise 5(D) page no: 40
1. Show that:
(i) division of whole numbers is not closed.
(ii) any whole number divided by 1, always gives the number itself.
(iii) every non-zero whole number divided by itself gives 1 (one).
(iv) zero divided by any non-zero number is zero only.
(v) a whole number divided by 0 is not defined.
For each part, given above, give two suitable examples.
Solution:
(i) Example:
5 and 8 are whole numbers, but 5 ÷ 8 is not a whole number
Therefore, closure property does not exist for division of whole numbers
(ii) Example:
2 ÷ 1 = 2, 18 ÷ 1 = 18, 129 ÷ 1 = 129
Hence, the given statement, any whole number divided by 1, always gives the number itself is true.
(iii) Example:
2 ÷ 2 = 1, 128 ÷ 128 = 1, 256 ÷ 256 = 1
Therefore, the given statement, every non-zero whole number divided by itself gives one is true
(iv) Example:
0 ÷ 138 = 0, 0 ÷ 2028 = 0, 0 ÷ 15140 = 0
Therefore, the given statement, zero divided by any non-zero number is zero only, is true
(v) Example:
7 ÷ 0 is not defined
16 ÷ 0 is not defined
Hence, the given statement, a whole number divided by zero is not defined, is true
2. If x is a whole number such that x ÷ x = x, state the value of x.
Solution:
We know that, any number divided by 1, always gives the number itself
The value of x can be any number 1, 2, 3, 4, 5,6……and so on.
3. Fill in the blanks:
(i) 987 ÷ 1 = ………..
(ii) 0 ÷ 987 = ……..
(iii) 336 – (888 ÷ 888) = …………
(iv) (23 ÷ 23) – (437 ÷ 437) = ………..
Solution:
(i) 987 ÷ 1 = 987
(ii) 0 ÷ 987 = 0
(iii) 336 – (888 ÷ 888) = 335
(iv) (23 ÷ 23) – (437 ÷ 437) = 0
4. Which of the following statements are true?
(i) 12 ÷ (6 × 2) = (12 ÷ 6) × (12 ÷ 2)
(ii) a ÷ (b – c) = a / b – a / c
(iii) (a – b) ÷ c = a / c – b / c
(iv) (15 – 13) ÷ 8 = (15 ÷ 8) – (13 ÷ 8)
(v) 8 ÷ (15 – 13) = 8 / 15 – 8 / 13
Solution:
(i) 12 ÷ (6 × 2) = (12 ÷ 6) × (12 ÷ 2)
12 ÷ 12 = 2 × 6
1 ≠12
Hence, the statement is false
(ii) a ÷ (b – c) = a / b – a / c
a / (b – c) ≠(ac – ab) / bc
Hence, the statement is false
(iii) (a – b) ÷ c – a / c – b / c
(a – b) / c = (a – b) / c
Hence, the statement is true
(iv) (15 – 13) ÷ 8 = (15 ÷ 8) – (13 ÷ 8)
(15 – 13) / 8 = 15 – 13 / 8
2 / 8 = 2 / 8
Hence, the statement is true.
(v) 8 ÷ (15 – 13) = 8 / 15 – 8 / 13
8 / 2 = (104 – 120) / 15 (13)
4 ≠(-16) / {15 (13)}
Hence, the statement is false
(iii) and (iv) statements are true
Exercise 5(e) page no: 42
1. Find the difference between the largest number of four digits and the smallest number of six digits.
Solution:
Largest number of 4 digits = 9999
Smallest number of 6 digits = 100000
Their difference = 100000 – 9999
= 90001
Therefore, the difference between the largest number of four digits and the smallest number of six digits = 90001
2. Find the difference between the smallest number of eight digits and the largest number of five digits.
Solution:
Smallest number of eight digits = 10000000
Largest number of five digits = 99999
Their difference = 10000000 – 99999
= 9900001
Hence, the difference between the smallest number of eight digits and the largest number of five digits is 9900001
3. The product of two numbers is 528. If the product of their unit’s digits is 8 and the product of their ten’s digits is 4; find the numbers.
Solution:
Given the product of unit’s digits = 8 i.e., 2 × 4
Hence, unit’s digits are 2 and 4
So, the numbers are either 24 or 22
24 × 22 = 528
The required numbers are 24 and 22
4. Does there exist a number a such that a ÷ a = a?
Solution:
Yes and the number a is 1
a ÷ a = a
1 ÷ 1 = 1
5. Divide 5936 by 43 to find the quotient and remainder. Also, check your division by using the formula, dividend = divisor × quotient + remainder
Solution:
On dividing 5936 by divisor 43, we get the quotient 138 and the remainder 2
Verification:
Dividend = divisor × quotient + remainder
5936 = 43 × 138 + 2
5936 = 43 × (100 + 38) + 2
= 4300 + 1634 + 2
= 5936
Therefore, verified.
Exercise 5(F) page no: 46
1. For each pattern, given below, write the next three steps:
(i) 1 × 9 + 1 = 10
12 × 9 + 2 = 110
123 × 9 + 3 = 1110
(ii) 9 × 9 + 7 = 88
98 ×9 + 6 = 888
987 ×9 + 5 = 8888
(iii) 1 × 8 + 1 = 9
12 × 8 + 2 = 98
123 × 8 + 3 = 987
(iv) 111 ÷ 3 = 37
222 ÷ 6 = 37
333 ÷ 9 = 37
Solution:
(i) 1 × 9 + 1 = 10
12 × 9 + 2 = 110
123 × 9 + 3 = 1110
1234 × 9 + 4 = 11110
12345 × 9 + 5 = 111110
123456 × 9 + 6 = 1111110
(ii) 9 × 9 + 7 = 88
98 × 9 + 6 = 888
987 × 9 + 5 = 8888
9876 × 9 + 4 = 88888
98765 × 9 + 3 = 888888
987654 × 9 + 2 = 8888888
(iii) 1 × 8 + 1 = 9
12 × 8 + 2 = 98
123 × 8 + 3 = 987
1234 × 8 + 4 = 9876
12345 × 8 + 5 = 98765
123456 × 8 + 6 = 987654
(iv) 111 ÷ 3 = 37
222 ÷ 6 = 37
333 ÷ 9 = 37
444 ÷ 12 = 37
555 ÷ 15 = 37
666 ÷ 18 = 37
2. Complete each of the following magic squares:
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
Solution:
(i) Sum for row-wise is as follows
6 + 7 + 2 = 15
1 + 5 + 9 = 15
8 + 3 + 4 = 15
Sum for column wise is as follows
6 + 1 + 8 = 15
7 + 5 + 3 = 15
2 + 9 + 4 = 15
Sum for diagonal wise is as follows
6 + 5 + 4 = 15
2 + 5 + 8 = 15
Hence, the magic square is
(ii) Row wise sum is as follows:
4 + 9 + 8 = 21
11 + 7 + 3 = 21
6 + 5 + 10 = 21
Column wise sum is as follows
4 + 11 + 6 = 21
9 + 7 + 5 = 21
8 + 3 + 10 = 21
Diagonal wise sum is as follows
4 + 7 + 10 = 21
8 + 7 + 6 = 21
Hence, the magic square is
(iii) Row wise sum is as follows
16 + 2 + 12 = 30
6 + 10 + 14 = 30
8 + 18 + 4 = 30
Column wise sum is as follows
16 + 6 + 8 = 30
2 + 10 + 18 = 30
12 + 14 + 4 = 30
Diagonal wise sum is as follows
16 + 10 + 4 = 30
12 + 10 + 8 = 30
Hence, the magic square is
3. See the following pattern carefully:
(i) If n denotes the number of figures and S denotes the number of matchsticks; find S in terms of n.
(ii) Find how many matches are required to make the:
(1) 15th figure
(2) 40th figure
(iii) Write a description of the pattern in words,
Solution:
The table is
| n | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 |
| S | 7 | 10 | 13 | 16 |
S = 3n + 4
(ii) (1) 15th figure has = 3 × 15 + 4
= 49 matches
(2) 40th figure has = 3 × 40 + 4
= 124 matches
(iii) It is clear that each time the figure (n) is increased by 4, the number of matches (S) are increased by 3.
4. (i) In the following pattern, draw the next two figures.
(ii) Construct a table to describe the figures in the above pattern.
(iii) If n denotes the number of figures and L denotes the number of matchsticks, find L in terms of n.
(iv) Find how many matchsticks are required to make the:
(1) 12th figure
(2) 20th figure
Solution:
(i)
(ii) The table is
| n | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 |
| L | 2 | 4 | 6 | 8 | 10 |
(iii) Hence, the value of L is
L = 2n
(iv) (1) Number of matchsticks in 12th figure = 2 × 12
= 24
(2) Number of matchsticks in 20th figure = 2 × 20
= 40
5. In each of the following patterns, construct next figure.
(i) In each case, if n denotes the number of figures and F denotes the number of matchsticks used, find F in terms of n.
(ii) Also find, in each case, how many matchsticks are required to make the:
16th figure and 30th figure.
Solution:
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
(f)
(i) (a) F = 3n + 2
(b) F = 4n + 1
(c) F = 5n + 3
(d) F = 5n + 1
(e) F = 4n + 1
(f) F = 4n – 2
16th figure
(a) 3 × 16 + 2
= 48 + 2
= 50
(b) F = 4 × 16 + 1
= 64 + 1
= 65
(c) F = 5 × 16 + 3
= 80 + 3
= 83
(d) F = 5 × 16 + 1
= 80 + 1
= 81
(e) F = 4 × 16 + 1
= 64 + 1
= 65
(f) F = 4 × 16 – 2
= 64 – 2
= 62
30th figure
(a) F = 3 × 30 + 2
= 90 + 2
= 92
(b) F = 4 × 30 + 1
= 120 + 1
= 121
(c) F = 5 × 30 + 3
= 150 + 3
= 153
(d) F = 5 × 30 + 1
= 150 + 1
= 151
(e) F = 4 × 30 + 1
= 120 + 1
= 121
(f) F = 4 × 30 – 2
= 120 – 2
= 118
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