The majority of the eukaryotic cells have organelles – Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and Golgi apparatus. The lysosomes, Golgi apparatus, the ER and the secretory vesicles are collectively referred to as the endomembrane system of the eukaryotic cell.
The Golgi apparatus and the endoplasmic reticulum are all members of a network of membranes. Hence the membrane lipids and the proteins synthesised in the ER should be transported through the network to their final destination in the membrane-bound vesicles. The proteins synthesised in the ER have, as a part of its amino acid sequence, a signal which directs them.
The endoplasmic reticulum comprises flattened membranous, tube-like sacs which are interconnected with one another. The sacs are cisternae, held together by the cytoskeleton of the cell. The two types of endoplasmic reticulum are rough endoplasmic reticulum and smooth endoplasmic reticulum. The rough ER comprises ribosomes bound to the ER membrane and renders a site for the synthesis of proteins. The smooth ER takes part in lipid metabolism.
Key Differences between Endoplasmic Reticulum and Golgi Apparatus
The table below depicts the differences between the endoplasmic reticulum and the Golgi apparatus.
|
Endoplasmic Reticulum |
Golgi Apparatus |
| What are they? | |
| These are cell organelles that exist as a network of vesicles and tubules. | These are cell organelles existing as an arrangement of a few fluid-filled dishes. |
| Size | |
| These are the largest organelles present in the eukaryotic cells. | Smaller compared to the endoplasmic reticulum. |
| Types | |
| There are two types of ER – smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER) and rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER). | Golgi apparatus are of only one type. |
| Intracellular Location | |
| Section of it is continuous with the cell’s nuclear envelope. Precisely, the rough ER’s density is greater near the nucleus and Golgi apparatus, whilst the smooth ER appears to be evenly situated throughout the cell. | It is not directly linked with the nucleus. Rather, it is found in the cell’s cytosol in the vicinity of the rough ER. |
| Ribosomes | |
| Membrane-bound ribosomes are found on the rough endoplasmic reticulum’s surface. | Ribosomes are not found on its surface. |
| Association with Lysosomes | |
| Synthesises lysosomal hydrolases. | Produces lysosomes |
| Role | |
| Processing and folding membranes, secreted and transmembrane proteins, synthesising membrane lipids or their precursors and lipid metabolism. | Involved in lipid metabolism, processing glycoproteins and formation of lysosomes. |
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