Thermodynamics is a branch of Physics that helps in understanding heat and temperature and their relation with work, energy, radiation, and other properties of matter.
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There are four laws of thermodynamics and they are:
- Zeroth law of thermodynamics: The laws state that when two systems are in thermal equilibrium with a third system, then the first two systems are in thermal equilibrium with each other.
- The first law of thermodynamics: Energy can neither be created nor destroyed. It can only be transformed from one form to another.
- The second law of thermodynamics: The entropy of an isolated system that is not in equilibrium will increase over time and reaches the maximum value at equilibrium.
- Third law of thermodynamics: For entropy to approach the constant, the temperature must approach absolute zero.
- Following is the diagram of the thermodynamic process. Refer the diagram and match the following
P Process – I (a) Adiabatic
Q Process – II (b) Isobaric
R Process – III (c) Isochoric
S Process – IV (d) Isothermal
(a) (P,c), (Q,d), (R,b), (S,a)
(b) (P,c), (Q,d), (R,b), (S,a)
(c) (P,a), (Q,c), (R,d), (S,b)
(d) (P,c), (Q,a), (R,d), (S,b)
Answer: (d) (P,c), (Q,a), (R,d), (S,b)
2. Which of the following process is used to do maximum work done on the ideal gas if the gas is compressed to half of its initial volume?
(a) Isothermal
(b) Isochoric
(c) Isobaric
(d) Adiabatic
Answer: (d) Adiabatic
3. ABCDA is a cyclic process explaining the thermodynamic process. What is the work done by the system in the
cycle.
(a) Zero
(c) ฯ0V0
(d) 2ฯ0V0
Answer: (a) Zero
(a) 2
(b) 3/2
(c) 4/3
(d) 5/3
Answer: (b) 3/2
5. The coefficient performance of a refrigerator is 5. If the temperature inside the freezer is -20โ, calculate the heat rejected to the surrounding
(a) 11โ
(b) 41โ
(c) 21โ
(d) 31โ
Answer: (d) 31โ
6. A thermodynamic system is explained with the help of the graph ABCD. What is the heat rejected by the system during the cycle?
(a) pV
(b) 2pV
(c) 4pV
(d) 1/2pV
Answer: (b) 2PV
7. Select the incorrect statement
(a) For the triple point of water, 1ยฐK is equal to 1/273.16.
(b) The first law of thermodynamics is also known as the law of thermal equilibrium
(c) The triple point of water is one of the reference points on the thermodynamic scale of temperature
(d) At room temperature, the heat of combustion is not found
Answer: (d) At room temperature, the heat of combustion is not found
8. What is a necessary condition for a reaction to be spontaneous at all temperatures?
(a) ฮH < ฮG
(b) ฮG and ฮH should be positive
(c) ฮH = ฮG = 0
(d) ฮG and ฮH should be negative
Answer: (d) ฮG and ฮH should be negative
9. A gas is compressed to half of its initial volume isothermally. The same gas is compressed again until the volume reduces to half through an adiabatic process. Then
(a) Work done during isothermal compression is more
(b) Work done is independent of the processes used for compression
(c) Work done is more during the adiabatic process
(d) Work done is dependent on the atomicity of the gas
Answer: (c) Work done is more during the adiabatic process
10. Select the factor that affects the heat of reaction which is based on Kirchoff’s equation
(a) Molecularity
(b) Temperature
(c) Pressure
(d) Volume
Answer: (b) Temperature
11. For all the reactions what is the nature of the chemical dissociation?
(a) Exothermic
(b) Reversible
(c) Endothermic
(d) Reversible and endothermic
Answer: (d) Reversible and endothermic
12.Which of the following is the largest unit of energy
(a) Electron volt
(b) Joule
(c) Calorie
(d) Erg
Answer: (c) Calorie
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