Reproductive Health - NEET Biology Important Questions

Reproductive health denotes the complete social, mental and physical well-being of individuals in all matters related to the functioning and processes of the reproductive system. Here, are some important NEET questions from the Class 12 Chapter – Reproductive Health

1. Which of the following is unrelated to the objectives of the ‘family planning programmes’?

1. Achieve population stabilisation
2. Create awareness about sex-related aspects of society
3. Provide infrastructure and professional expertise
4. Solve the problem of illiteracy and housing caused due to population explosion

Answer: d. Solve the problem of illiteracy and housing caused due to population explosion

Discussion: The RCH (Reproductive and Child Health programme) or family planning was initiated in 1951. Its objectives are as follows –

• Creating awareness about sex-related aspects of society
• Providing facilities such as infrastructure, professional experience as well as material support aimed at achieving reproductive health.
• Achieve population stabilisation by decreasing infant and maternal mortality rates and morbidity rates.

Government programmes such as Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan and Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana aim at solving the problems of illiteracy and housing respectively.

2. Contraceptives ⸻

1. Prevent ovulation and fertilisation only
2. Prevent ovulation only
3. Prevent fertilisation only
4. Prevent ovulation, fertilisation and implantation

Answer: d. Prevent ovulation, fertilisation and implantation

Discussion: Contraceptives are used to avoid or delay pregnancy. They act by preventing ovulation, fertilisation or implantation.

3. What is not true about “Saheli”?

1. Developed at the CDRI, Lucknow
2. It is a steroidal preparation
3. Once a week pill
4. High contraceptive value

Answer: b. It is a steroidal preparation

Discussion: Saheli is a non-steroidal oral contraceptive pill with fewer side effects. It should be taken once a week by females to avoid pregnancy. It is a reversible contraceptive option. The pill was developed by the scientists of the Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow.

4. Which of the following cannot be detected in developing foetuses by amniocentesis techniques?

1. Klinefelter’s syndrome
2. Jaundice
3. Sex of foetus
4. Down’s syndrome

Answer: b. Jaundice

Discussion: In amniocentesis, some of the amniotic fluid is extracted which contains foetal cells and dissolved substances. This can be tested to know the sex of the unborn foetus, genetic disorders like Down’s syndrome, Klinefelter’s syndrome, sickle cell anaemia, etc.

Whereas jaundice is a metabolic disorder and cannot be detected by amniocentesis. It occurs when the liver does not work effectively which results in an increased amount of bilirubin in the bloodstream.

5. Which are considered the most unsafe periods/days to have sexual intercourse in the rhythmic method or calendar method of contraception?

1. Days 1-7
2. Days 19-28
3. Days 10-17
4. Days 1-28

Answer: c. Days 10-17

Discussion: Ovulation occurs between days 13 and 15. Sperm can averagely live up to 3 days in the female reproductive tract. So, the 10th day is considered the 1st unsafe day. Ovulation can sometimes last till the 16th day and the ovum is also receptive to fertilisation for around 24 hours. Thus the 17th day is the final unsafe day.

As the duration of menses may vary by 3 to 5 days, abstinence from days 10 to 17 of the menstrual cycle is highly recommended.

6. Barrier methods of contraception

1. Only help to control the population
2. Reduce the sexual drive
3. Prevent female child
4. Help in control of population and STDs

Answer: d. Help in control of population and STDs

Discussion: Barrier contraceptive methods prevent the meeting of sperm and ovum and thus prevent fertilisation. It also prevents unwanted pregnancies and controls population growth. It controls STDs (Sexually Transmitted Diseases) because they prevent the exchange of genital fluid during coitus.

No contraceptive aims at preventing a female child and also it does not interfere with the sexual drive of an individual.

7. Intensively lactating mothers do not generally conceive due to the ⸻.

1. Suppression of gonadotropins
2. Hypersecretion of gonadotropins
3. Suppression of transport of gametes
4. Excess secretion of testosterone

Answer: a. Suppression of gonadotropins

Discussion: During intense lactation, prolactin hormone is produced in large amounts by the mother. This prolactin suppresses the release of gonadotropins (FSH and LH) and ovulation is prevented. This is termed lactational amenorrhea.

8. Condoms are barriers that cover

1. Penis in males and ovary in females
2. Penis in males and cervix and vagina in females
3. Scrotum in males and cervix or vagina in females
4. Cervix in males and vagina in females

Answer: b. Penis in males and cervix and vagina in females

Discussion: Condoms are available for both males and females. They cover the penis in males and the cervix and vagina in females. They protect the user from contracting STDs.

9. Progesterone is a hormone that is essential for the maintenance of pregnancy in a female. How can it act as a contraceptive?

1. High progesterone levels reduce the secretion of gonadotropins, thus preventing ovulation
2. High levels of progesterone cause the endometrial lining to rupture and bleed out before implantation
3. High levels of progesterone cause early contraction of the uterus leading to the expulsion of zygote
4. High levels of progesterone can cause endometriosis

Answer: a. High progesterone levels reduce the secretion of gonadotropins, thus preventing ovulation

Discussion: During the luteal phase, increased level of progesterone suppresses the release of FSH and LH due to which there is no growth of ovarian follicles, which results in no ovulation. So progesterone can act as contraceptive.

10. In which form is etonogestrel administered as a method of contraception?

1. It is administered orally in the form of contraceptive pills
2. It is administered in the form of intramuscular injection shots
3. It is administered in the form of a subdermal implant
4. It is applied as a transdermal implant

Answer: c. It is administered in the form of a subdermal implant

Discussion: Etonogestrel is an alternate form of the hormone progesterone. It is used as a hormonal formulation in subdermal implants.

11. What is the function of copper ions in copper releasing IUDs?

1. They aid in suppressing sperm motility
2. They inhibit gametogenesis
3. They inhibit ovulation
4. All of these

Answer: a. They aid in suppressing sperm motility

Discussion: Copper releasing IUDs do not contain hormones. They release copper ions into the uterus. These copper ions suppress the motility of sperms and thus prevent fertilisation.

Also Check: Important Notes for NEET Biology – Human Reproduction

12. The accessory duct that is tied and cut during vasectomy connects ⸻ in the male reproductive system.

1. Vasa efferentia to epididymis
2. Rete testis to vasa efferentia
3. Vas deferens to epididymis
4. Epididymis to urethra

Answer: d. Epididymis to urethra

Discussion: Vasectomy is a surgical method of contraception and involves cutting and tying of vas deferens in males. Vas deferens is a male accessory duct that connects the epididymis to the urethra.

13. Which of the following is true about emergency contraception?

1. Surgical procedure is involved
2. Oxytocin pills are used
3. Very effective when used within 96 hours of coitus
4. Contain levonorgestrel

Answer: d. Contain levonorgestrel

Discussion: Emergency contraception is useful to prevent unwanted pregnancy. It is used after unprotected intercourse and also during cases of sexual assault and rape. The emergency contraception pills are very effective when used within 72 hours of coitus. It contains levonorgestrel. It prevents pregnancy by thickening the cervical mucus to make it difficult for the sperm to travel to the ovum. Here, no surgical procedure is involved.

14. Which of the following is not a reason for infertility in females?

1. Implantation of embryo in the fallopian tube due to its permanent blockage
2. Inability of the fimbriae to transport the oocyte
3. Y-chromosome deletions
4. Chronic inflammation of the endometrium

Answer: c. Y-chromosome deletions

Discussion: Possible reasons for female sterility include –

1. Anovulation or absence of ovulation
2. Defective growth of uterus and vagina
3. Decreased level of gonadotropins
4. The complete inability of the fimbriae to pick the secondary oocyte from the ovary
5. Chronic endometritis or inflammation of the endometrium
6. Complete blockage of fallopian tube stops the transport of gametes
7. Ectopic pregnancies
8. Female reproductive tract is hostile to sperms

Likewise, Y-chromosome deletions cause infertility in males. It contains specific regions that are responsible for the production of one or more proteins needed for normal sperm cell development. As a result, either no sperm develop or few sperm develop, leading to Y-chromosome linked infertility.

15. Which of the following statements are true about HIV?

1. HIV can be transmitted through body fluids
2. HIV can be transmitted by sharing food with the infected person
3. HIV can be transmitted by infected needles
4. HIV can be transmitted by hugging an infected person
5. 1, 2, 3
6. 2, 4
7. 1, 4
8. 1, 3

Answer: d. 1, 3

Discussion: HIV spreads by certain body fluids. It can spread through:

• Sexual contact with an infected person
• By transfusion of contaminated blood and blood products
• By transplacental means
• By sharing infected needles

Explore: Important Notes for NEET Biology – Reproductive Health

16. Medical termination of pregnancy (MTP) is considered safe up to how many weeks of pregnancy?

1. 15 weeks
2. 14 weeks
3. 12 weeks
4. 18 weeks

Answer: c. 12 weeks

Discussion: MTP is the voluntary or intentional termination of pregnancy. It helps in getting rid of unwanted pregnancies which can be due to unprotected intercourse, failure of contraceptive methods used or pregnancy due to rapes. It is usually regarded as safe during the 1st trimester (first 12 weeks of pregnancy). Second trimester abortions are slightly riskier.

According to the 2021 MTP amendment act, one can perform an abortion until 24 weeks. If it is less than 12 weeks, it can be done with the opinion of just 1 registered medical practitioner. If it is more than 12 weeks but fewer than 24 weeks, then 2 registered medical practitioners are to be consulted.

17. Which of the following statement(s) is/are correct with respect to ZIFT?

1. It stands for Zygote Intra Fallopian Transfer
2. In this, the zygote is transferred into the uterus after in vitro fertilisation
3. Early embryos with up to 8 blastomeres are transferred into the fallopian tube
4. Only 1 is correct
5. 1 and 3 are correct
6. Only 3 is correct
7. Only 2 is correct

Answer: b. 1 and 3 are correct

Discussion: Zygote Intra Fallopian Transfer (ZIFT) – Here, early embryos or zygotes with up to 8 blastomeres are transferred into the uterine tube or fallopian tube.

18. GIFT is recommended for females with an inability to

1. Produce ovum
2. Retain the foetus inside the uterus
3. Provide an apt environment for fertilisation
4. Transport ovum to the uterus

Answer: a. Produce ovum

Discussion: Gamete Intra Fallopian Tube (GIFT) is an ART (Assisted Reproductive Technology) in which ovum from a donor is transferred into the uterine tube or fallopian tube of the female who cannot produce ovum but can provide an apt environment for fertilisation and development.

19. The sperm is injected into the ovum in which of the following techniques

1. ICSI
2. GIFT
3. AI
4. IUT

Answer: a. ICSI

Discussion: Intra Cytoplasmic Sperm Injection (ICSI) is a sophisticated reproductive technology in which sperm is directly injected into the ovum in a laboratory. The embryo thus formed is transferred into the female for further development.

20. Test tube baby means a baby born when

1. Baby fully develops in a test tube
2. Baby develops fully through the tissue culture method
3. The ovum is fertilised externally and thereafter implanted in the uterus
4. It develops naturally from a non-fertilised oocyte

Answer: c. The ovum is fertilised externally and thereafter implanted in the uterus

Discussion: Test tube baby means the ovum is fertilised in an external environment (simulated mostly according to the internal environment of a female) and then the resulting zygote is transferred into a female reproductive tract where it gets implanted.

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