Genomics
Genomics is the study of a complete set of genes or genetic material in an organism. It involves DNA sequencing, mapping of genes, evolution, gene edition, function and expression. It takes into account all the genes present in an organism, their inter-relation and their role in an organism. It takes the help of high throughput sequencing techniques and bioinformatics to analyse the whole genome. Genomics also include the study of interactions between genes like epistasis, pleiotropy, etc.
Proteomics
is the study of the total set of proteins. It helps in understanding the characteristics and functions of a cell type. The proteome is a total set of proteins that are expressed in an organism from its genome. It varies with time, requirement, internal and external environment, stress, etc. that a cell or an organism faces. Proteomics takes the help of genomic studies as proteins are the functional product of the genome. Proteomics involves protein purification, identification, structural analysis, interaction and functions. Technologies such as immunoassay, mass spectrometry are used in this. It provides an understanding of a biological system.
Difference between Genomics and Proteomics
The table below shows the main differences between Genomics and Proteomics.
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Genomics |
Proteomics |
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Genomics is the study of the entire set of genes or the genome of a cell or organisms |
Proteomics is the study of proteins that are expressed by functional genes |
|
It is the study of genome structure and expression |
It is the study of proteins structure, expression and activity |
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Every cell contains the same set of genes. Genome is fixed in an organism |
Proteome varies in different types of cells according to function, internal and external factors |
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Mere presence of a gene does not tell about its functionality. Gene expression is regulated at the transcription and translation level |
Study of proteins is more conclusive as it is the functional product of a gene, and tells about the actual condition of a cell or an organism |
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It involves sequencing, mapping and expression analysis of a genome |
It involves the study of 3D structure, function and interaction of proteins |
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Technologies used are DNA sequencing and bioinformatics |
Technologies involved are immunoassay, mass spectrometry, etc. |
|
The human genome project is a part of genomics |
It takes the help of genomic projects |
Frequently Asked Questions
What are the types of proteomics?
The three main types of proteomics are structural proteomics, functional proteomics and expression proteomics.
- Structural Proteomics – It involves identifying and analysing the 3D structure of proteins and their complexities. X-ray crystallography and NMR spectroscopy are used for this purpose.
- Functional Proteomics – It involves the study of functions of proteins, their interactions, molecular mechanisms and the biological roles they play.
- Expression Proteomics – It involves the study of the qualitative and quantitative expression of proteins in different environments. E.g. in diseased and normal individuals.
What is genomics used for?
Genomics is useful in diagnosing, predicting and treating diseases. Genomics is widely used in research, medicine, biotechnology, evolutionary studies, bioengineering, etc.
What is the difference between genetics and genomics?
Genetics is the study of individual genes and their inheritance, whereas genomics is the characterisation and analysis of the complete genome and its expression.
Explore all the important topics aligned with the updated NEET syllabus, only at BYJU’S. Check NEET – Important topics and Preparation Tips for all the important concepts and related topics.
Further reading:
- MCQs On Lac Operon
- Chromosomal Disorder In Humans
- Molecular Basis Of Inheritance – Important Notes For NEET
- Flashcards Of Biology For NEET Molecular Basis Of Inheritance
- Principles Of Inheritance And Variation – Important Notes For NEET
- Flashcards Of Biology For NEET Principles Of Inheritance And Variation
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