Flashcards For NEET Biology - Digestion and Absorption

Incisors, canine, premolars and molars

Dental formula 2123

2123

Papillae- small projections, some have taste buds

Vermiform appendix arise fro caecum

Thin mesothelium and some connective tissues

Inner circular and outer longitudinal

Made up of smooth muscles

Contains nerves, blood and lymph vessels

Brunner’s glands in the duodenum are present in sub-mucosa

Forms irregular folds rugae in stomach

Goblet cells- secrete mucus

Contains gastric glands

Supplied by blood capillaries and a large lymph vessel called lacteals

Submaxillary/ submandibular- lower jaw

Sublingual- below the tongue

Function- carbohydrate digestion starts here

Starch (30%) is converted to disaccharide, maltose. Optimum pH 6.8

Function- antibacterial and protects from infection

Function- Proteolytic, converts proteins to peptides

Function- converts pepsinogen to pepsin and provides acidic pH (1.8) for the action of pepsin

Function- digestion of milk protein casein

Function- Absorption of vitamin B₁₂

Function- converts trypsinogen to active enzyme trypsin

Contains- Bilirubin, biliverdin, cholesterol, phospholipids, bile salts, no enzymes

Function- Emulsification of fats and activation of pancreatic lipases

Function- Protects intestinal mucosa from acid content of chyme and provides an alkaline medium for enzyme activity (pH=7.8)

Function- Stimulates secretion of pancreatic bicarbonate, regulation of gastric acid secretion and osmoregulation

Function- Stimulates gallbladder to secrete bile juice and stimulates enzyme production by the pancreas

Secrete- mucus containing a glycosylated protein called mucin

Function- Lubrication and protection of the intestinal mucosa from acid

Function- Activates other proenzymes of pancreatic juice and proteolytic enzyme

Function- proteolytic enzyme, converts polypeptides to dipeptides

Function- Protease enzyme, hydrolyses carboxy-terminal of a protein or peptide

Function- Polysaccharide into a disaccharide

Function- Digestion of fats to di and monoglycerides

Function- Converts nucleic acids to nucleotides and nucleosides

Secreted by- glands of the intestinal wall (goblet cells, brush-border epithelium)

Contains- Mucus, Enzymes- enterokinase, dipeptidases, nucleosidases, lipases, disaccharidases (maltase, lactase, etc.)

Function- small amount ~1% of emulsified fat in the food is digested to fatty acid and glycerol

Function- Dipeptides to amino acids

Function- Maltose to glucose

Function- Sucrose to glucose and fructose

Function- Lactose to glucose and galactose

Function- Nucleotides to nucleosides

Function- Nucleosides to sugar and bases

Function- Mono and diglycerides to fatty acids and glycerol

Carbohydrates- 4 kcal/g

Proteins- 4 kcal/g