NCERT Solution Class 12 Chapter 11 - Three Dimensional Geometry Exercise 11.2

NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Maths Chapter 11 Exercise 11.2 – Free PDF Download

Exercise 11.2 of NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Maths Chapter 11 – Three Dimensional Geometry is based on the following topics:

  1. Equation of a Line in Space
    1. Equation of a line through a given point and parallel to a given vector b.
    2. Equation of a line passing through two given points
  2. Angle between Two Lines
  3. Shortest Distance between Two Lines
    1. Distance between two skew lines
    2. Distance between parallel lines

The exercise contains problems that are based on the topics mentioned above. Hence, solving this exercise helps the students understand the concepts covered in the chapter thoroughly.

NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Maths Chapter 11 – Three Dimensional Geometry Exercise 11.2

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Access Other Exercises of Class 12 Maths Chapter 11

Exercise 11.1 Solutions 5 Questions

Exercise 11.3 Solutions 14 Questions

Miscellaneous Exercise on Chapter 11 Solutions 23 Questions

Access Answers to NCERT Class 12 Maths Chapter 11 Exercise 11.2

1. Show that the three lines with direction cosines

 NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Maths Chapter 11 –Three Dimensional Geometry image - 7 are mutually perpendicular.

Solution:

Let us consider the direction cosines of L1, L2 and L3 be l1, m1, n1; l2, m2, n2 and l3, m3, n3.

We know that

If l1, m1, n1 and l2, m2, n2 are the direction cosines of two lines,

And θ is the acute angle between the two lines,

Then cos θ = |l1l2 + m1m2 + n1n2|

If two lines are perpendicular, then the angle between the two is θ = 90°

For perpendicular lines, | l1l2 + m1m2 + n1n2 | = cos 90° = 0, i.e. | l1l2 + m1m2 + n1n2 | = 0

So, in order to check if the three lines are mutually perpendicular, we compute | l1l2 + m1m2 + n1n2 | for all the pairs of the three lines.

First, let us compute, | l1l2 + m1m2 + n1n2 |

NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Maths Chapter 11 –Three Dimensional Geometry image - 8
NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Maths Chapter 11 –Three Dimensional Geometry image - 9

So,  L1⊥ L2 …… (1)

Similarly,

Let us compute, | l2l3 + m2m3 + n2n3 |

NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Maths Chapter 11 –Three Dimensional Geometry image - 10

NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Maths Chapter 11 –Three Dimensional Geometry image - 11

So, L2⊥ L3 ….. (2)

Similarly,

Let us compute, | l3l1 + m3m1 + n3n1 |

NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Maths Chapter 11 –Three Dimensional Geometry image - 12

NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Maths Chapter 11 –Three Dimensional Geometry image - 13

So, L1⊥ L3 ….. (3)

∴ By (1), (2) and (3), the lines are perpendicular.

Hence, L1, L2 and L3 are mutually perpendicular.

2. Show that the line through the points (1, –1, 2), (3, 4, –2) is perpendicular to the line through the points (0, 3, 2) and (3, 5, 6).

Solution:

Given:

The points (1, –1, 2), (3, 4, –2) and (0, 3, 2), (3, 5, 6).

Let us consider AB be the line joining the points (1, -1, 2) and (3, 4, -2), and CD be the line through the points (0, 3, 2) and (3, 5, 6).

Now,

The direction ratios, a1, b1, c1 of AB are

(3 – 1), (4 – (-1)), (-2 – 2) = 2, 5, -4.

Similarly,

The direction ratios, a2, b2, c2 of CD are

(3 – 0), (5 – 3), (6 – 2) = 3, 2, 4.

Then, AB and CD will be perpendicular to each other, if a1a2 + b1b2 + c1c2 = 0

a1a2 + b1b2 + c1c2 = 2(3) + 5(2) + 4(-4)

= 6 + 10 – 16

= 0

∴ AB and CD are perpendicular to each other.

3. Show that the line through points (4, 7, 8), (2, 3, 4) is parallel to the line through points (-1, -2, 1), (1, 2, 5).

Solution:

Given:

The points (4, 7, 8), (2, 3, 4) and (–1, –2, 1), (1, 2, 5).

Let us consider AB be the line joining the points (4, 7, 8), (2, 3, 4), and CD be the line through the points (-1, -2, 1), (1, 2, 5).

Now,

The direction ratios, a1, b1, c1 of AB are

(2 -4), (3 -7), (4 -8) = -2, -4, -4.

The direction ratios, a2, b2, c2 of CD are

(1 – (-1)), (2 – (-2)), (5 – 1) = 2, 4, 4.

Then, AB will be parallel to CD, if

NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Maths Chapter 11 –Three Dimensional Geometry image - 14

So, a1/a2 = -2/2 = -1

b1/b2 = -4/4 = -1

c1/c2 = -4/4 = -1

∴ We can say that,

NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Maths Chapter 11 –Three Dimensional Geometry image - 15

-1 = -1 = -1

Hence, AB is parallel to CD, where the line through the points (4, 7, 8), (2, 3, 4) is parallel to the line through the points (-1, -2, 1), (1, 2, 5).

4. Find the equation of the line which passes through the point (1, 2, 3) and is parallel to the vector NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Maths Chapter 11 –Three Dimensional Geometry image - 16.

Solution:

NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Maths Chapter 11 –Three Dimensional Geometry image - 17

5. Find the equation of the line in vector and in a Cartesian form that passes through the point with position vector NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Maths Chapter 11 –Three Dimensional Geometry image - 18and NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Maths Chapter 11 –Three Dimensional Geometry image - 19 is in the direction. 

Solution:

NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Maths Chapter 11 –Three Dimensional Geometry image - 20

6. Find the Cartesian equation of the line which passes through the point (-2, 4, -5) and parallel to the line given by

 NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Maths Chapter 11 –Three Dimensional Geometry image - 21

Solution:

Given:

The points (-2, 4, -5)

We know that

The Cartesian equation of a line through a point (x1, y1, z1) and having direction ratios a, b, c is

NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Maths Chapter 11 –Three Dimensional Geometry image - 22

7. The Cartesian equation of a line is

 NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Maths Chapter 11 –Three Dimensional Geometry image - 23. Write its vector form.

Solution:

NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Maths Chapter 11 –Three Dimensional Geometry image - 24

So when comparing this standard form with the given equation, we get

x1 = 5, y1 = -4, z1 = 6, and

l = 3, m = 7, n = 2

NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Maths Chapter 11 –Three Dimensional Geometry image - 25

8. Find the vector and the Cartesian equations of the lines that pass through the origin and (5, -2, 3).

Solution:

NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Maths Chapter 11 –Three Dimensional Geometry image - 26

NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Maths Chapter 11 –Three Dimensional Geometry image - 27

9. Find the vector and the Cartesian equations of the line that passes through the points (3, -2, -5), (3, –2, 6).

Solution:

NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Maths Chapter 11 –Three Dimensional Geometry image - 28

NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Maths Chapter 11 –Three Dimensional Geometry image - 29

10. Find the angle between the following pairs of lines:
NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Maths Chapter 11 –Three Dimensional Geometry image - 30

Solution:

NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Maths Chapter 11 –Three Dimensional Geometry image - 31

NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Maths Chapter 11 –Three Dimensional Geometry image - 32

So,

NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Maths Chapter 11 –Three Dimensional Geometry image - 33

NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Maths Chapter 11 –Three Dimensional Geometry image - 34

By (3), we have

NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Maths Chapter 11 –Three Dimensional Geometry image - 35

NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Maths Chapter 11 –Three Dimensional Geometry image - 36

11.  Find the angle between the following pair of lines:
NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Maths Chapter 11 –Three Dimensional Geometry image - 37

Solution:

NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Maths Chapter 11 –Three Dimensional Geometry image - 38

NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Maths Chapter 11 –Three Dimensional Geometry image - 39

NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Maths Chapter 11 –Three Dimensional Geometry image - 40

NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Maths Chapter 11 –Three Dimensional Geometry image - 41

12. Find the values of p so that the lines

 NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Maths Chapter 11 –Three Dimensional Geometry image - 42 are at right angles.

Solution:

NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Maths Chapter 11 –Three Dimensional Geometry image - 43

So, the direction ratios of the lines are

-3, 2p/7, 2 and -3p/7, 1, -5

Now, both the lines are at right angles,

So, a1a2 + b1b2 + c1c2 = 0

(-3) (-3p/7) + (2p/7) (1) + 2 (-5) = 0

9p/7 + 2p/7 – 10 = 0

(9p+2p)/7 = 10

11p/7 = 10

11p = 70

p = 70/11

∴ The value of p is 70/11.

13. Show that the lines

 NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Maths Chapter 11 –Three Dimensional Geometry image - 44 are perpendicular to each other.

Solution:

The equations of the given lines are

NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Maths Chapter 11 –Three Dimensional Geometry image - 45

Two lines with direction ratios are given as

a1a2 + b1b2 + c1c2 = 0

So, the direction ratios of the given lines are 7, -5, 1 and 1, 2, 3

i.e., a1 = 7, b1 = -5, c1 = 1, and

a2 = 1, b2 = 2, c2 = 3

Now, considering

a1a2 + b1b2 + c1c2 = 7 × 1 + (-5) × 2 + 1 × 3

= 7 -10 + 3

= – 3 + 3

= 0

∴ The two lines are perpendicular to each other.

14. Find the shortest distance between the lines
NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Maths Chapter 11 –Three Dimensional Geometry image - 46

Solution:

NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Maths Chapter 11 –Three Dimensional Geometry image - 47

NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Maths Chapter 11 –Three Dimensional Geometry image - 48

NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Maths Chapter 11 –Three Dimensional Geometry image - 49

Let us rationalize the fraction by multiplying the numerator and denominator by √2, and we get

NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Maths Chapter 11 –Three Dimensional Geometry image - 50

∴ The shortest distance is 3√2/2.

15. Find the shortest distance between the lines
NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Maths Chapter 11 –Three Dimensional Geometry image - 51

Solution:

NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Maths Chapter 11 –Three Dimensional Geometry image - 52

NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Maths Chapter 11 –Three Dimensional Geometry image - 53

NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Maths Chapter 11 –Three Dimensional Geometry image - 54

NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Maths Chapter 11 –Three Dimensional Geometry image - 55

∴ The shortest distance is 2√29.

16. Find the shortest distance between the lines whose vector equations are
NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Maths Chapter 11 –Three Dimensional Geometry image - 56

Solution:

NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Maths Chapter 11 –Three Dimensional Geometry image - 57

Here, by comparing the equations, we get

NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Maths Chapter 11 –Three Dimensional Geometry image - 58

NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Maths Chapter 11 –Three Dimensional Geometry image - 59

∴ The shortest distance is 3√19.

17. Find the shortest distance between the lines whose vector equations are

NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Maths Chapter 11 –Three Dimensional Geometry image - 60

Solution:

NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Maths Chapter 11 –Three Dimensional Geometry image - 61

NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Maths Chapter 11 –Three Dimensional Geometry image - 62

And,

NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Maths Chapter 11 –Three Dimensional Geometry image - 63

∴ The shortest distance is 8√29.

Also, explore –

NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Maths

NCERT Solutions for Class 12

NCERT Solutions

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