Algebra Class 6 Maths Notes - Chapter 11

Algebra is a branch of mathematics that can substitute letters for numbers to find the unknown. It can also be defined as putting real-life variables into equations and then solving them. The word ‘algebra’ is derived from Arabic “al-jabr”, which means the reunion of broken parts. Below are some algebra problems for students to practice.

Introduction to Algebra

Variable

A variable is an unknown quantity that is prone to change with the context of a situation.
Example: In the expression 2x+5, x is the variable.

Constant

Constant is a quantity which has a fixed value. In the given example 2x+5, 5 is the constant.

Terms of an Expression

Parts of an expression which are formed separately first and then added or subtracted, are known as terms.
In the above-given example, terms 2x and 5 are added to form the expression (2x+5).

Factors of a Term

Parts of an expression which are formed separately first and then added or subtracted, are known as terms.

  • Factors of a term are quantities which cannot be further factorised.
  • In the above-given example, factors of the term 2x are 2 and x.

Coefficient of a Term

The numerical factor of a term is called the coefficient of the term.
In the above-given example, 2 is the coefficient of the term 2x.
To know more about Term, factor and Coefficient, visit here.

Like and Unlike Terms

Like Terms

Terms having the same variables are called like terms.>
Example: 8xy and 3xy are like terms.

Unlike Terms

Terms having different variables are called, unlike terms.
Example: 7xy and -3x are unlike terms.
To know more about “Algebra Basics”, visit here.

Monomial, Binomial, Trinomial and Polynomial Terms

Name Monomial Binomial Trinomial Polynomial
No. of terms 1 2 3 >3
Example 7xy (4x−3) (3x+5y−6) (6x+5yx−3y+4)

To know more about Polynomials, visit here.

Formation of Algebraic Expressions

Combinations of variables, constants and operators constitute an algebraic expression.

Example: 2x+3, 3y+4xy, etc.

To know more about Algebraic Expressions, visit here.

Addition and Subtraction of Algebraic Expressions

Addition and Subtraction of Like Terms

Sum of two or more like terms is a like term.

Its numerical coefficient will be equal to the sum of the numerical coefficients of all the like terms.
Example:  8y+7y=?           

  8y
+7y
___________
(8+7)y = 15y
____________

 Difference between two like terms is a like term.

Its numerical coefficient will be equal to the difference between the numerical coefficients of the two like terms.
Example: 11z8z=?   

 11z

−8z
__________
(1-8)z = 3z
___________                                                                                                                    

Addition and Subtraction of Unlike Terms

  • For adding or subtracting two or more algebraic expressions, like terms of both the expressions are grouped together and unlike terms are retained as it is.
  • Addition of 5x2+12xy and 7x2+xy+7x is shown below:

−5x2+12xy
7x2+xy+7x
__________
2x2+13xy+7x
__________

  • Subtraction of 5x2+12xy and 7x2+xy+7x is shown below:

−5x2+12xy
−7x2+xy+7x
__________

12x2+11xy−7x
__________

To know more about Addition and Subtraction of Algebraic Expressions, visit here.

Algebra as Patterns

For more information on Algebra as a Pattern, watch the below video


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To know more about Algebra as a Pattern, visit here.

Number Patterns

  • If a natural number is denoted by n, then its successor is (n + 1).
    Example: Successor of n=10 is n+1=11.
  • If a natural number is denoted by n, then 2n is an even number and (2n+1) is an odd number.
    Example: If n=10, then 2n=20 is an even number and 2n+1=21 is an odd number.

For more information on Number Patterns, watch the below video


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To know more about Number Patterns, visit here.

Patterns in Geometry

  • Some geometrical figures follow patterns which can be represented by algebraic expressions.
    Example: Number of diagonals we can draw from one vertex of a polygon of n sides is (n – 3) which is an algebraic expression.
Algebra-1
Geometric shapes and their diagonals                                                      

Algebraic Expressions in Perimeter and Area Formulae

  • Algebraic expressions can be used in formulating perimeter of figures.
    Example: Let L be the length of one side then, the perimeter of :
  1. An equilateral triangle = 3L.
  2. A square = 4L.
  3. A regular pentagon = 5L.
  • Algebraic expressions can be used in formulating area of figures.
    Example: Area of :
  1. Square = l2 where l is the side length of the square.
  2. Rectangle = l * b, where l and b are lengths and breadth of the rectangle.
  3. Triangle = 1/2 b * h where b and h are base and height of the triangle.

For more information on Perimeter and Area, watch the below video


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What Is the Equation?

An equation is a condition on a variable which is satisfied only for a definite value of the variable.

  • The left-hand side(LHS) and right-hand side(RHS) of an equation are separated by an equality sign. Hence LHS = RHS.
  • If LHS is not equal to RHS, then it is not an equation.

Solving an Equation

Value of a variable in an equation which satisfies the equation is called its solution.

  • One of the simplest methods of finding the solution of an equation is the trial and error method.

For more information on Solving an Equation, watch the below video


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To know more about Linear Equations, visit here.
Other Important Links:

Variables And Constants Basics Of Algebra

Frequently Asked Questions on CBSE Class 6 Maths Notes Chapter 11 Algebra

Q1

What are the uses of algebra?

1. Astrological calculations 2. Technological developments 3. Tax liability 4. Preparing a schedule of activities 5. Budgeting

Q2

What is the meaning of subtraction?

The act or process of subtracting. a mathematical operation in which the difference between two numbers or quantities is calculated.

Q3

What is the meaning of a ‘number pattern’?

Number pattern is a pattern or sequence in a series of numbers. This pattern generally establishes a common relationship between all numbers.

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