According to the CBSE Syllabus 2023-24, this chapter has been renumbered as Chapter 7.
CBSE Comparing Quantities Class 8 Notes – Chapter 8:-Download PDF Here
Comparing Quantities Class 8 Notes given here has been carefully put together by experts to help students understand all the concepts given in chapter 8 clearly and at the same time allow them to practice sums effectively. The notes are further designed to help students complete timely revisions and score better marks in the exams.
Also check: NCERT Solutions For Class 8 Maths Chapter 8
Introduction to Fraction, Ratios and Percentages
In this chapter “Comparing quantities”, students of Class 8 will learn to find the Discount when discount percentage is given. Also, we will learn here cost price, sales tax, GST (Goods and Services Tax), along with compound interest.
For more information on Introduction to Fraction and Ratios, watch the below video
Fractions, Ratios and Percentages
A fraction represents a part of a whole which consists of numerators and denominators and it is the division of two same quantities.
Eg: 1/4, 1/5, 2/3, etc.
To know more about Fractions, visit here.
Ratio is the comparison of one value to the other or the comparison of two different quantities.
Eg:3:5
Percentage is a value that expresses the part of a whole or a fraction of 100. For example, 10% of 100 is equal to 1/10 of 100, i.e., 10.
Finding the Increase or Decrease in Percent
Finding Increase or Decrease Percentage in Situations
Finding new number, when there is increase in percentage.
New number = original number + (increase in percentage × number)
Example : The Cost of a mobile phone is Rs 15,000. Find the new price if there is a increaseof 5%
New price = original price + 5% of original price
New price = 15,000 + (5/100 × 15,000)
New price = 15,000+750 = 15,750
Here Rs 750 is increase in the price.
The new number can be found out using,
New number = original number × percentage increase
Eg : New price = 15,000×105÷100=15,000×1.05=15,750
Finding new number, when there is decrease in percentage.
New number = original number – (decrease in percentage × number)
Also, New number = original number × percentage decrease
Eg : The Cost of a mobile phone is Rs 15,000. Find the new price if there is a decrease of 5%
New price = 15,000×95÷100=15,000×0.95=14,250
To know more about Percentage Increase or Decrease, visit here.
Finding Discounts
Finding SP without Finding Discount Percentage
A reduction (decrease) on the marked price is known as discount.
If the discount is given in numbers then it is calculated by
Discount = Marked price – Sale price
If the discount is given in percentage then it is calculated by:
Discount = Discount % of Marked price
Finding Discounts
If the discount is given in numbers.
Example : Marked price of a shirt is Rs 535. Its selling price is Rs 495. Find the discount.
Solution : Discount = Marked price – Sale price
Discount = Rs 535 – Rs 495 = Rs 40
If the discount is given in percentage.
Example : A toy priced Rs 500 is available at a discount of 5%. Find the discount.
Solution : Discount = 5% of 500 = 5/100 × 500
Discount = Rs 25
To know Discount Formula, visit here.
Estimation of Amounts (In Percentages)
Estimating amounts when there is a discount or hike on the marked price.
Example : Anil bought a pair of shoes priced Rs 650, at a discount of 10%. Find the billing amount.
Solution : Billing amount = Marked price – discount
Billing amount = Rs 650−(10/100)×650
Billing amount = Rs 650−Rs 65=Rs 585
Example : Shilpa bought a new mobile for Rs 15,000. She has to pay 2% as delivery charges.
Find the billing amount.
Solution : Billing amount = Marked price + Hike
Billing amount = Rs 15,000+(2/100)× 15000
Billing amount = Rs 15,000+Rs 300=Rs 15,300
Prices Related to Buying and Selling
Prices / Charges Related to Buying and Selling
Profit = Selling price – Cost price
Profit % = (Profit/Cost Price) × 100
Loss = Cost price – Selling price
Loss % = Loss/Cost Price × 100
Finding Prices / Charges Related to Buying and Selling
Example : A shopkeeper sold a T.V priced Rs 12,000 at Rs 13,500. Find his profit percentage.
Profit = Selling price – Cost price
Profit = Rs 13,500−Rs 12,000=Rs 1,500
Profit % = (Profit/Cost price)×100
Profit % = (1500/12000) ×100=12.5%
Example : Amit sold his laptop, priced Rs 20,000 at Rs 18,000. Find his loss percentage.
Loss = Cost price – Selling price
Loss = Rs 20,000−Rs 18,000=Rs 2000
Loss % = (Loss/Cost Price ×100)
Loss% = (2000/20000) ×100 = 10%
To know more about Profit and Loss, visit here.
Sales Tax and Value Added Tax
Sales Tax / VAT
Sales tax or value added tax(VAT) is the tax that should be paid to the government on sale of an item
and it is added to the bill amount.
Normally, VAT is included in the price of items like groceries.
Finding Sales Tax / VAT
Sales tax or VAT = Tax % of Selling price
Billing Amount = Selling price + VAT
Example : Megha bought a wrist watch for Rs 1,200 and VAT is charged at 8%. Calculate the VAT and billing amount.
VAT = Tax % of selling price
VAT = 8% of 1,200=8/100 ×1200=Rs 96
Billing amount = S.P + VAT = Rs 1,200 + Rs 96 = Rs 1296.
Simple and Compound Interest
Simple Interest
Simple interest is the extra money charged on a loan where the principal amount will be fixed for a particular time period.
Interest is the extra money that a bank gives for saving or depositing money with them.
Similarly, when anybody borrow money, they pay interest.
Simple interest = (P.T.R)/100
where,
P is the principal amount
T is the number of years
R is the interest rate
To know more about Simple Interest, visit here.
Calculating CI
Compound interest is the interest, calculated on the principal and the interest for the previous period.
The principal amount increases with every time period, as the interest payable is added to the principal.
Eg : Find CI on Rs 10,000 for 2 years at an interest rate of 5%.
Ans : Interest for the 1st year
For 1st year, P = 10,000, T = 1 year, R = 5%
I1 = PTR/100
= (10000.1.5)/100
= Rs.500
A=P+I1=10,000+500=10,500
Interest for the 2nd year
For 2nd year, P = 10,500, T = 1 year, R = 5%
I2 = PTR/100
= (10500.1.5)/100
= Rs 525
Cost Price, C.I.= I1+I2=Rs 500+Rs 525=Rs 1025
Deducing a Formula for Compound Interest
Formula for Cost Price
Calculation of compound interest can be generalized.
Let P1 be the sum on which the interest is compounded annually at the rate of R
Then the interest for the 1st year,
I1 = PTR/100
= P1.R/100
A1=P1+I1=P1+P1.R/100
A1=P1(1+R/100) = P2
For 2nd year,
P2=P1(1+R/100)
T=1 year and R=R%
I2 = (P2.1.R)/100
= P2.R/100
I2=P1(1+R/100) × R/100
I2=P1R/100(1+R/100)
A2=P2+I2
A2=P1(1+R/100)+P1R/100(1+R/100)
Taking P1(1+R/100) as common, we get;
A2=P1(1+R/100)(1+R/100)
A2=P1(1+R/100)2
Continuing this way, the amount at the end of n years will be,
An=P(1+R/100)n
Where, P is the principal amount, R is the rate of interest and n is the number of years.
We get the formula for the amount to be paid at the end of n years.
Compound Interest can be calculated using the formula,
CI=A−P
Rate Compounded Annually and Half Yearly
Rate Compounded Annually or Half-Yearly
If interest is compounded annually,
time span, n = 1 year, here the principal amount varies yearly.
Principal amount (A=P+I1) for first year will serve as the principal for the second year.
If interest is compounded half – yearly,
time span, n = 6 months, here the principal amount varies half – yearly.
Principal amount (A=P+I1) for first 6 months will be the principal for the next 6 months.
Finding CI When Rate Compounded Annually or Semi – Annually
When compound interest is compounded annually,
A = P(1+R/100)n
CI = A – P
Where, P is the principal amount, R is the rate of interest and n is the number of years.
When compound interest is compounded half yearly, the interest rate will be half of the annual interest rate and the time period will be doubled.
A = P(1+R/200)2n
CI = A – P
Where, P is the principal amount, R is the rate of interest and n is the number of years.
To know more about Compound Interest, visit here.
Application of Compound Interest
Application of Formula of CI
Application of compound interest are :
1.To calculate the growth rate of population (increase or decrease).
2. To calculate change in the price of an item (increase or decrease).
Example : If the population of a town increases 2% annually and the present population is 3,26,40,000, find its population after 2 years.
Solution. P = 3,26,40,000 n = 2 years, R = 2%
Therefore, Population after 2 years
A=P(1+R/100)n
A=32640000(1+2/100)2
A=32640000×(51/50)2
A=32640000×(51/50)×(51/50)
A=13056×51×51
⇒A=33958656
∴The population after 2 years is 3,39,58,656.
Example : A motorcycle is bought at Rs 1,60,000. Its value depreciates at the rate of 10% per annum. Find its value after 2 years.
Solution. P = 1,60,000 n = 2 years, R = 10%
A=P(1−R/100)n
A=160000×(1−10/100)2
A=160000×9/10×91/10
A=129600
∴ The value of the motorcycle after 2 years is Rs 1,29,600.
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Chapter 8: Comparing Quantities Important Questions
Class 8 Maths Chapter 8 Comparing Quantities MCQs
Frequently Asked Questions on CBSE Class 8 Maths Notes Chapter 8 Comparing Quantities
What is the formula for Profit and loss?
The formula for the profit and loss percentage is: Profit percentage = (Profit/Cost Price) x 100. Loss percentage = (Loss/Cost price) x 100.
What is Sales tax?
Sales tax is an amount of money, calculated as a percentage, that is added to the cost of a product or service when purchased by a consumer at a retail location.
What is Compound interest?
Compound interest is the interest which is earned on interest.
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