According to the CBSE Syllabus 2023-24, this chapter has been renumbered as Chapter 4.
A complex number is a number that can be expressed in the form p + iq, where p and q are real numbers, and i is a solution of the equation
Also Refer: Number system
General form of Complex Number: z = p + iq
Where,
- p is known as the real part, denoted by Re z
- q is known as the imaginary part, denoted by Im z
If z = 12 + 35i, then Re z = 12 and Im z = 35. If z1 and z2 are two complex numbers such that z1 = p + iq and z2 = r + is. z1 and z2 are equal if p = r and q = s.
Algebra of Complex Numbers
- Addition of complex numbers
Let z1 = m + ni and z2 = o + ip be two complex numbers. Then, z1 + z2 = z = (m + o) + (n + p)i, where z = resultant complex number. For example, (12 + 13i) + (-16 +15i) = (12 – 16) + (13 + 15)i = -4 + 28i.
- The sum of complex numbers is always a complex number (closure law)
- For complex numbers z1 and z2: z2 + z1= z1 + z2 (commutative law) For complex numbers z1, z2, z3: (z1 + z2) + z3 = z1 + (z2 + z3) [associative law].
- For every complex number z, z + 0 = z [additive identity]
- To every complex number z = p + qi, we have the complex number -z = -p + i(-q), called the negative or additive inverse of z. [z + (–z) = 0]
- Difference of complex numbers
Let z1 = m + ni and z2 = o + ip be two complex numbers, then z1 – z2 = z1 + (-z2). For example, (16 + 13i) – (12 – 1i) = (16 + 13i) + (-12 + 1i ) = 4 + 14i and (12 – 1i) – (16 + 13i) = (12 – 1i) + ( -16 – 13i) = -4 – 14i
- Multiplication of complex numbers
Let z1 = m + ni and z2 = o + ip be two complex numbers then, z1 × z2 = (mo – np) + i(no + pm). For example, (2 + 4i) (1 + 5i) = (2 × 1 – 4 × 5) + i(2 × 5 + 4 × 1) = -22 + 14i The product of two complex numbers is a complex number (closure law)
- For complex numbers z1 and z2, z1 × z2 = z2 × z1 (commutative law).
- For complex numbers z1, z2, z3, (z1 × z2) × z3 = z1 × (z2 × z3) [associative law].
Let z1 = m + in and z2 = o + ip. Then,
- z1 + z2 = (m + o) + i (n + p)
- z1 z2 = (mo – np) + i(mp + on)
- The conjugate of the complex number z = m + in, denoted by \(\begin{array}{l}\overline{z}\end{array} \), is given by z = m – in.
Also Refer: Algebraic Operations On Complex Numbers
The Modulus and Conjugate of Complex Numbers
Let z = m + in be a complex number. Then, the modulus of z, denoted by |z| =
To know more about Modulus and Conjugate of Complex Numbers, visit here.
Complex Numbers and Quadratic Equations Practice Questions
- Find the modulus and argument of the complex number \(\begin{array}{l}\frac{1+i}{1-i}\end{array} \)
- Convert the complex number in the polar form \(\begin{array}{l}\frac{i-1}{cos\;\frac{\pi }{3}\;-\;sin\;\frac{\pi }{3}i}\end{array} \)
- Solve the following equation: \(\begin{array}{l}x^{3}-3x^{2}+2x-1\end{array} \)
- Represent the given complex number in the polar form \(\begin{array}{l}z = 1 + \sqrt{3}i\end{array} \)
- Solve \(\begin{array}{l}\sqrt{5}x^{2}+x+\sqrt{5}\end{array} \)
Related links:
- NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Maths Chapter 5
- NCERT Exemplar for Class 11 Maths Chapter 5
- Quadratic Equations In Complex Number System
- Argand Polar Representation Of Complex Number
For More Information On Quadratic Equations, Watch The Below Videos.
Frequently asked Questions on CBSE Class 11 Maths Notes Chapter 5: Complex Numbers and Quadratic Equations
What is a complex number?
Complex numbers are numbers that consist of two parts: a real number and an imaginary number.
What is the meaning of a Quadratic equation?
A quadratic equation in math is a second-degree equation of the form ax² + bx + c = 0.
What is the meaning of modulus?
Modulus is the factor by which a logarithm of a number to one base is multiplied to obtain the logarithm of the number to a new base.
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