Electricity and Circuits Class 6 Notes - Chapter 12

According to the CBSE Syllabus 2023-24, this chapter has been renumbered as Chapter 9.

The Electric Cell

Current

• Current is the flow of particles in a particular direction. For example, air currents that cause winds or water currents.
• When particles flow in an electric circuit to produce electricity, it is called an electric current.

Electric Current

The flow of electric charges in a circuit is called an electric current. The direction is taken from the positive terminal to the negative terminal of the battery in an external circuit.

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Electric Current

Electric Cell

• A cell is a source of electric power created inside by internal chemical reactions.
• When the chemicals inside the cell are exhausted, the cell needs to be replaced by a new one.
• Cells have two terminals: a positive and a negative terminal. In order for current to flow, the positive terminal must be connected to the negative terminal, and this polarity must be maintained.

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Electric Cell

Bulb Connected to an Electric Cell

Wire

• An electric wire is a conducting path in an electric circuit through which current flows.
• It is usually made out of a metal that is a good conductor of electricity.

Electric Bulb, and its Working

• It consists of a thin wire that glows due to the passage of current. This is known as the filament.
• An electric circuit provides a closed path for the current to flow. The terminals of the bulb are connected by wires to the electric cell.
• Sometimes the bulb does not glow as the filament gets fused (breaks) due to overheating.

An Electric Circuit

Electric circuit

• A closed-loop path, which the current takes, is known as an electric circuit.
• When the path of the circuit is closed, current flows through it.
• When there is a break in the path (the switch is open), then the circuit is open and not conducting, so the current does not flow.

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Circuit Component

An Electric Switch

Electric switches

• Devices that are used to connect the circuit or break it.
• When the switch is connected, we call it ON, and when it’s not in contact (or open) with the circuit, the switch is OFF.​​​​​​

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Electricity and Circuit – Conductors and Insulators

Conductors and insulators

• Any material that allows the electric current to pass through it is called the conductor. For example, metals like copper
• Materials that do not allow the free flow of current through them are known as bad conductors or insulators. For example, rubber and plastic

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