NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Maths Chapter 12 - Introduction to Three Dimensional Geometry Exercise 12.2

*According to the CBSE Syllabus 2023-24, this chapter has been renumbered as Chapter 11.

Chapter 12 Introduction to Three Dimensional Geometry of Class 11 Maths is categorised under the CBSE Syllabus for 2023-24. Exercise 12.2 of NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Maths Chapter 12 – Introduction to Three Dimensional Geometry is based on the topic Distance between Two Points. The distance between two points is the length of the line segment that connects the two points.

The topic revolves around an equation that can be used to solve the problems present in this exercise. To know the solving process of these problems, understanding the concept is a must. The NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Maths will help the students in getting thorough with the concepts and score high marks in the annual exam.

NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Maths Chapter 12 – Introduction to Three Dimensional Geometry Exercise 12.2

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NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Maths Chapter 12 – Exercise 12.2

1. Find the distance between the following pairs of points:

(i) (2, 3, 5) and (4, 3, 1)

(ii) (–3, 7, 2) and (2, 4, –1)

(iii) (–1, 3, –4) and (1, –3, 4)

(iv) (2, –1, 3) and (–2, 1, 3)

Solution:

(i) (2, 3, 5) and (4, 3, 1)

Let P be (2, 3, 5) and Q be (4, 3, 1)

By using the formula,

Distance PQ = √[(x2 – x1)2 + (y2 – y1)2 + (z2 – z1)2]

So, here

x1 = 2, y1 = 3, z1 = 5

x2 = 4, y2 = 3, z2 = 1

Distance PQ = √[(4 – 2)2 + (3 – 3)2 + (1 – 5)2]

= √[(2)2 + 02 + (-4)2]

= √[4 + 0 + 16]

= √20

= 2√5

∴ The required distance is 2√5 units.

(ii) (–3, 7, 2) and (2, 4, –1)

Let P be (– 3, 7, 2), and Q be (2, 4, –1)

By using the formula,

Distance PQ = √[(x2 – x1)2 + (y2 – y1)2 + (z2 – z1)2]

So, here

x1 = – 3, y1 = 7, z1 = 2

x2 = 2, y2 = 4, z2 = – 1

Distance PQ = √[(2 – (-3))2 + (4 – 7)2 + (-1 – 2)2]

= √[(5)2 + (-3)2 + (-3)2]

= √[25 + 9 + 9]

= √43

∴ The required distance is √43 units.

(iii) (–1, 3, –4) and (1, –3, 4)

Let P be (– 1, 3, – 4), and Q be (1, –3, 4)

By using the formula,

Distance PQ = √[(x2 – x1)2 + (y2 – y1)2 + (z2 – z1)2]

So, here

x1 = –1, y1 = 3, z1 = –4

x2 = 1, y2 = –3, z2 = 4

Distance PQ = √[(1 – (-1))2 + (-3 – 3)2 + (4 – (-4))2]

= √[(2)2 + (-6)2 + (8)2]

= √[4 + 36 + 64]

= √104

= 2√26

∴ The required distance is 2√26 units.

(iv) (2, –1, 3) and (–2, 1, 3)

Let P be (2, – 1, 3), and Q be (– 2, 1, 3)

By using the formula,

Distance PQ = √[(x2 – x1)2 + (y2 – y1)2 + (z2 – z1)2]

So, here

x1 = 2, y1 = – 1, z1 = 3

x2 = – 2, y2 = 1, z2 = 3

Distance PQ = √[(-2 – 2)2 + (1 – (-1))2 + (3 – 3)2]

= √[(-4)2 + (2)2 + (0)2]

= √[16 + 4 + 0]

= √20

= 2√5

∴ The required distance is 2√5 units.

2. Show that the points (–2, 3, 5), (1, 2, 3) and (7, 0, –1) are collinear.

Solution:

If three points are collinear, then they lie on the same line.

First, let us calculate the distance between the 3 points

i.e., PQ, QR and PR

Calculating PQ

P ≡ (–2, 3, 5) and Q ≡ (1, 2, 3)

By using the formula,

Distance PQ = √[(x2 – x1)2 + (y2 – y1)2 + (z2 – z1)2]

So, here

x1 = –2, y1 = 3, z1 = 5

x2 = 1, y2 = 2, z2 = 3

Distance PQ = √[(1 – (-2))2 + (2 – 3)2 + (3 – 5)2]

= √[(3)2 + (-1)2 + (-2)2]

= √[9 + 1 + 4]

= √14

Calculating QR

Q ≡ (1, 2, 3), and R ≡ (7, 0, – 1)

By using the formula,

Distance QR = √[(x2 – x1)2 + (y2 – y1)2 + (z2 – z1)2]

So, here

x1 = 1, y1 = 2, z1 = 3

x2 = 7, y2 = 0, z2 = –1

Distance QR = √[(7 – 1)2 + (0 – 2)2 + (-1 – 3)2]

= √[(6)2 + (-2)2 + (-4)2]

= √[36 + 4 + 16]

= √56

= 2√14

Calculating PR

P ≡ (–2, 3, 5) and R ≡ (7, 0, –1)

By using the formula,

Distance PR = √[(x2 – x1)2 + (y2 – y1)2 + (z2 – z1)2]

So, here

x1 = –2, y1 = 3, z1 = 5

x2 = 7, y2 = 0, z2 = –1

Distance PR = √[(7 – (-2))2 + (0 – 3)2 + (-1 – 5)2]

= √[(9)2 + (-3)2 + (-6)2]

= √[81 + 9 + 36]

= √126

= 3√14

Thus, PQ = √14, QR = 2√14, and PR = 3√14

So, PQ + QR = √14 + 2√14

= 3√14

= PR

∴ The points P, Q and R are collinear.

3. Verify the following:
(i) (0, 7, –10), (1, 6, – 6), and (4, 9, –6) are the vertices of an isosceles triangle.

(ii) (0, 7, 10), (–1, 6, 6), and (–4, 9, 6) are the vertices of a right-angled triangle.

(iii) (–1, 2, 1), (1, –2, 5), (4, –7, 8), and (2, –3, 4) are the vertices of a parallelogram.

Solution:

(i) (0, 7, –10), (1, 6, –6), and (4, 9, –6) are the vertices of an isosceles triangle.

Let us consider the points

P(0, 7, –10), Q(1, 6, – 6) and R(4, 9, – 6)

If any 2 sides are equal, it will be an isosceles triangle

So, first, let us calculate the distance of PQ, QR

Calculating PQ

P ≡ (0, 7, – 10) and Q ≡ (1, 6, – 6)

By using the formula,

Distance PQ = √[(x2 – x1)2 + (y2 – y1)2 + (z2 – z1)2]

So, here

x1 = 0, y1 = 7, z1 = –10

x2 = 1, y2 = 6, z2 = –6

Distance PQ = √[(1 – 0)2 + (6 – 7)2 + (-6 – (-10))2]

= √[(1)2 + (-1)2 + (4)2]

= √[1 + 1 + 16]

= √18

Calculating QR

Q ≡ (1, 6, –6) and R ≡ (4, 9, –6)

By using the formula,

Distance QR = √[(x2 – x1)2 + (y2 – y1)2 + (z2 – z1)2]

So, here

x1 = 1, y1 = 6, z1 = – 6

x2 = 4, y2 = 9, z2 = – 6

Distance QR = √[(4 – 1)2 + (9 – 6)2 + (-6 – (-6))2]

= √[(3)2 + (3)2 + (-6+6)2]

= √[9 + 9 + 0]

= √18

Hence, PQ = QR

18 = 18

2 sides are equal

∴ PQR is an isosceles triangle.

(ii) (0, 7, 10), (–1, 6, 6), and (–4, 9, 6) are the vertices of a right-angled triangle.

Let the points be

P(0, 7, 10), Q(– 1, 6, 6) & R(– 4, 9, 6)

First, let us calculate the distance of PQ, OR and PR

Calculating PQ

P ≡ (0, 7, 10), and Q ≡ (– 1, 6, 6)

By using the formula,

Distance PQ = √[(x2 – x1)2 + (y2 – y1)2 + (z2 – z1)2]

So, here

x1 = 0, y1 = 7, z1 = 10

x2 = – 1, y2 = 6, z2 = 6

Distance PQ = √[(-1 – 0)2 + (6 – 7)2 + (6 – 10)2]

= √[(-1)2 + (-1)2 + (-4)2]

= √[1 + 1 + 16]

= √18

Calculating QR

Q ≡ (1, 6, – 6), and R ≡ (4, 9, –6)

By using the formula,

Distance QR = √[(x2 – x1)2 + (y2 – y1)2 + (z2 – z1)2]

So, here

x1 = 1, y1 = 6, z1 = – 6

x2 = 4, y2 = 9, z2 = – 6

Distance QR = √[(4 – 1)2 + (9 – 6)2 + (-6 – (-6))2]

= √[(3)2 + (3)2 + (-6+6)2]

= √[9 + 9 + 0]

= √18

Calculating PR

P ≡ (0, 7, 10) and R ≡ (–4, 9, 6)

By using the formula,

Distance PR = √[(x2 – x1)2 + (y2 – y1)2 + (z2 – z1)2]

So, here

x1 = 0, y1 = 7, z1 = 10

x2 = – 4, y2 = 9, z2 = 6

Distance PR = √[(-4 – 0)2 + (9 – 7)2 + (6 – 10)2]

= √[(-4)2 + (2)2 + (-4)2]

= √[16 + 4 + 16]

= √36

Now,

PQ2 + QR2 = 18 + 18

= 36

= PR2

By using the converse of Pythagoras theorem,

The given vertices P, Q & R are the vertices of a right-angled triangle at Q.

(iii) (–1, 2, 1), (1, –2, 5), (4, –7, 8), and (2, –3, 4) are the vertices of a parallelogram.

Let the points be A(–1, 2, 1), B(1, –2, 5), C(4, –7, 8), and D(2, –3, 4)

ABCD can be vertices of parallelogram only if opposite sides are equal.

i.e., AB = CD, and BC = AD

First, let us calculate the distance

Calculating AB

A ≡ (– 1, 2, 1) and B ≡ (1, – 2, 5)

By using the formula,

Distance AB = √[(x2 – x1)2 + (y2 – y1)2 + (z2 – z1)2]

So, here

x1 = –1, y1 = 2, z1 = 1

x2 = 1, y2 = –2, z2 = 5

Distance AB = √[(1 – (-1))2 + (-2 – 2)2 + (5 – 1)2]

= √[(2)2 + (-4)2 + (4)2]

= √[4 + 16 + 16]

= √36

= 6

Calculating BC

B ≡ (1, –2, 5) and C ≡ (4, –7, 8)

By using the formula,

Distance BC = √[(x2 – x1)2 + (y2 – y1)2 + (z2 – z1)2]

So, here

x1 = 1, y1 = –2, z1 = 5

x2 = 4, y2 = –7, z2 = 8

Distance BC = √[(4 – 1)2 + (-7 – (-2))2 + (8 – 5)2]

= √[(3)2 + (-5)2 + (3)2]

= √[9 + 25 + 9]

= √43

Calculating CD

C ≡ (4, –7, 8) and D ≡ (2, –3, 4)

By using the formula,

Distance CD = √[(x2 – x1)2 + (y2 – y1)2 + (z2 – z1)2]

So, here

x1 = 4, y1 = – 7, z1 = 8

x2 = 2, y2 = – 3, z2 = 4

Distance CD = √[(2 – 4)2 + (-3 – (-7))2 + (4 – 8)2]

= √[(-2)2 + (4)2 + (-4)2]

= √[4 + 16 + 16]

= √36

= 6

Calculating DA

D ≡ (2, –3, 4) and A ≡ (–1, 2, 1)

By using the formula,

Distance DA = √[(x2 – x1)2 + (y2 – y1)2 + (z2 – z1)2]

So, here

x1 = 2, y1 = – 3, z1 = 4

x2 = – 1, y2 = 2, z2 = 1

Distance DA = √[(-1 – 2)2 + (2 – (-3))2 + (1 – 4)2]

= √[(-3)2 + (5)2 + (-3)2]

= √[9 + 25 + 9]

= √43

Since AB = CD and BC = DA (given),

In ABCD, both pairs of opposite sides are equal.

∴ ABCD is a parallelogram.

4. Find the equation of the set of points which are equidistant from the points (1, 2, 3) and (3, 2, –1).

Solution:

Let A (1, 2, 3) & B (3, 2, –1)

Let point P be (x, y, z)

Since it is given that point P(x, y, z) is equal distance from point A(1, 2, 3) and B(3, 2, –1),

i.e., PA = PB

First, let us calculate

Calculating PA

P ≡ (x, y, z) and A ≡ (1, 2, 3)

By using the formula,

Distance PA = √[(x2 – x1)2 + (y2 – y1)2 + (z2 – z1)2]

So, here

x1 = x, y1 = y, z1 = z

x2 = 1, y2 = 2, z2 = 3

Distance PA = √[(1 – x)2 + (2 – y)2 + (3 – z)2]

Calculating PB

P ≡ (x, y, z) and B ≡ (3, 2, –1)

By using the formula,

Distance PB = √[(x2 – x1)2 + (y2 – y1)2 + (z2 – z1)2]

So, here

x1 = x, y1 = y, z1 = z

x2 = 3, y2 = 2, z2 = –1

Distance PB = √[(3 – x)2 + (2 – y)2 + (-1 – z)2]

Since PA = PB,

Square on both sides, we get

PA2 = PB2

(1 – x)2 + (2 – y)2 + (3 – z)2 = (3 – x)2 + (2 – y)2 + (– 1 – z)2

(1 + x2 – 2x) + (4 + y2 – 4y) + (9 + z2 – 6z)

(9 + x2 – 6x) + (4 + y2 – 4y) + (1 + z2 + 2z)

–2x – 4y – 6z + 14 = –6x – 4y + 2z + 14

4x – 8z = 0

x – 2z = 0

∴ The required equation is x – 2z = 0

5. Find the equation of the set of points P, the sum of whose distances from A (4, 0, 0) and B (–4, 0, 0) is equal to 10.

Solution:

Let A (4, 0, 0), and B (–4, 0, 0)

Let the coordinates of point P be (x, y, z)

Calculating PA

P ≡ (x, y, z) and A ≡ (4, 0, 0)

By using the formula,

Distance PA = √[(x2 – x1)2 + (y2 – y1)2 + (z2 – z1)2]

So, here

x1 = x, y1 = y, z1 = z

x2 = 4, y2 = 0, z2 = 0

Distance PA = √[(4– x)2 + (0 – y)2 + (0 – z)2]

Calculating PB

P ≡ (x, y, z) and B ≡ (–4, 0, 0)

By using the formula,

Distance PB = √[(x2 – x1)2 + (y2 – y1)2 + (z2 – z1)2]

So, here

x1 = x, y1 = y, z1 = z

x2 = –4, y2 = 0, z2 = 0

Distance PB = √[(-4– x)2 + (0 – y)2 + (0 – z)2]

It is given that,

PA + PB = 10

PA = 10 – PB

Square on both sides, we get

PA2 = (10 – PB)2

PA2 = 100 + PB2 – 20 PB

(4 – x)2 + (0 – y)2 + (0 – z)2

100 + (–4 – x)2 + (0 – y)2 + (0 – z)2 – 20 PB

(16 + x2 – 8x) + (y2) + (z2)

100 + (16 + x2 + 8x) + (y2) + (z2) – 20 PB

20 PB = 16x + 100

5 PB = (4x + 25)

Square on both sides again, we get

25 PB2 = 16x2 + 200x + 625

25 [(– 4 – x)2 + (0 – y)2 + (0 – z)2] = 16x2 + 200x + 625

25 [x2 + y2 + z2 + 8x + 16] = 16x2 + 200x + 625

25x2 + 25y2 + 25z2 + 200x + 400 = 16x2 + 200x + 625

9x2 + 25y2 + 25z2 – 225 = 0

∴ The required equation is 9x2 + 25y2 + 25z2 – 225 = 0.

Access Other Exercise Solutions of Class 11 Maths Chapter 12 – Introduction to Three Dimensional Geometry

Exercise 12.1 Solutions 4 Questions

Exercise 12.3 Solutions 5 Questions

Miscellaneous Exercise on Chapter 12 Solutions 6 Questions

Also, explore – NCERT Class 11 Solutions

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