NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Biology Chapter 6 Anatomy of Flowering Plants is categorised under Unit 2 – Structural Organisation in Plants and Animals. NCERT Solutions for Class 11 give students the perfect tool for learning as well as last-minute reference.
Solutions are crafted by a team of experts at BYJU’S who have extensive knowledge in their respective fields. NCERT Solutions are thoroughly reviewed for their facts and inclination to the latest provided in accordance with the syllabus.
NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Biology Chapter 6 – Anatomy of Flowering Plants
Access Answers to NCERT Class 11 Biology Chapter 6 – Anatomy of Flowering Plants
Exercise Questions
1. State the location and function of different types of meristems.
Solution:
The location and function of different types of meristems are as follows:
| Meristem | Location | Function |
| 1. Apical meristem | Root and shoot tips | Forms primary tissue and increases the length of the plant |
| 2. Intercalary meristem | Above and below the stem nodes and leaf bases | Helps in the growth of leaves and internodes |
| 3. Secondary meristem | At the periphery of roots and stem | Helps in increasing the thickness of the plant |
2. Cork cambium forms tissues that form the cork. Do you agree with this statement? Explain.
Solution:
Yes, cork cambium forms tissues that, in turn, form the cork. When the stem increases in girth, another meristematic tissue known as phellogen or cork cambium grows in the cortex region of the stem. This phellogen cuts off cells on both sides. The outer cells differentiate into the phellem or the cork, while the inner cells differentiate into the phelloderm or secondary cortex. The cork is impermeable to water because of suberin, rendering protection to the tissues underneath.
3. Explain the process of secondary growth in the stems of woody angiosperms with the help of schematic diagrams. What is its significance?
Solution:
The primary xylem and phloem exhibit the presence of a strip of cambium in woody dicot roots known as the interfascicular cambium, which is formed from the cells of the medullary rays connecting the interfascicular cambium. Hence, the continuous cambium ring is formed. The cambium separates from the newly formed cells on either side, while the cells found towards the exterior differentiate into the secondary phloem. The cells detach towards the pith giving rise to the secondary xylem. The secondary xylem is synthesised in excess compared to the secondary phloem.
When there is secondary growth in plants, the girth of the plants increases, along with an increase in the water content and nutrients in order to assist the ever-growing leaves, rendering support to the plants.
4. Draw illustrations to bring out the anatomical difference between
(a) Monocot root and Dicot root (b) Monocot stem and Dicot stem.
Solution:
(a) Monocot root and Dicot root
Monocot root
Dicot root
(b) Monocot stem and Dicot stem
Monocot stem
Dicot stem
5. Cut a transverse section of the young stem of a plant from your school garden and observe it under a microscope. How would you ascertain whether it is a monocot stem or a dicot stem? Give reasons.
Solution:
The following characteristics can be used to distinguish if it is a monocot or a dicot stem:
| Dicot stem | Monocot stem |
| Vascular bundles are arranged in a ring | Vascular bundles are scattered |
| Vascular bundles are open | Have closed Vascular bundles with a bundle sheath. |
| Presence of collateral, conjoint and open vascular bundles with a strip of cambium between the xylem and phloem | Presence of collateral, conjoint and closed vascular bundles dispersed in the ground tissue that contains the parenchyma |
| Ground tissue can be differentiated into the parenchyma, collenchyma, endodermis, pith and pericycle. Medullary rays are found between the vascular bundles | Phloem parenchyma is absent, and water-containing cavities are present |
Monocot stem
Dicot stem
6. The transverse section of a plant material shows the following anatomical features – (a) the vascular bundles are conjoint, scattered and surrounded by sclerenchymatous bundle sheaths. (b) phloem parenchyma is absent. What will you identify it as?
Solution:
The traverse section is of Monocot stem. It is because the vascular bundles are dispersed in monocot stems. The phloem parenchyma is not found.
7. Why are the xylem and phloem called complex tissues?
Solution:
Xylem and Phloem are called complex tissues because they are made of more than one type of cells which work together as a unit to perform the function. Xylem transports water, while phloem transports food.
8. What is the stomatal apparatus? Explain the structure of stomata with a labelled diagram.
Solution:
Stomata are structures present in the epidermis of leaves. Stomata regulate the process of transpiration and gaseous exchange. Each stoma is composed of two bean-shaped cells known as guard cells which enclose the stomatal pores.
Guard cells are dumbbell-shaped, where their outer wall is thin, and the inner wall is highly thickened. These structures possess chloroplasts and regulate the closing and opening of the stomata. The epidermal cells near the guard cells, in some cases, become specialised in their structure, shape and size; they are referred to as subsidiary cells. The guard cells, the stomatal aperture and girdling subsidiary cells are collectively referred to as the stomatal apparatus.
9. Name the three basic tissue systems in flowering plants. Give the tissue names under each system.
Solution:
Following are the three basic tissue systems in flowering plants:
Epidermal tissue system
The epidermal tissue system includes the epidermis and epidermal appendages. The epidermis comprises epidermal cells and guard cells, while the epidermal appendages include root hair, stem hair, stinging hair and glandular hair.
The ground tissue system
The ground tissue system is made up of simple tissues such as parenchyma, collenchyma and sclerenchyma.
Vascular tissue system
The vascular tissue system consists of complex tissues such as Xylem, phloem and vascular cambium.
10. How is the study of plant anatomy useful to us?
Solution:
The study of plant anatomy is useful to us in the following ways:
- To understand structural adaptations in plants to different climatic conditions.
- Helpful in identifying monocots, dicots and gymnosperms.
- Physiological conditions can be studied, which helps in crop improvement.
- The study of plant fibres, such as flax, jute, etc., helps in their commercial exploitation, as it enables the prediction of the strength of wood which can be utilised to its potential.
11. What is periderm? How does periderm formation take place in the dicot stems?
Solution:
Phellogen, phellem, and phelloderm are collectively known as periderm. While plants undergo secondary growth, the outer epidermal layer and the cortical layer are ripped due to cambium. In order to replace them, the cortex cells turn meristematic, which produces the cork cambium or the phellogen, which comprises thin-walled, narrow and rectangular cells.
The phellogen sheds cells on either side. The cells which shed from the exterior give rise to the cork or phellem. The suberin accumulates in its cell wall, making it impermeable to water, while the inner cells emerge to become the secondary cortex or phelloderm, which is parenchymatous.
12. Describe the internal structure of a dorsiventral leaf with the help of a labelled diagram.
Solution:
Dicots exhibit dorsiventral leaves. When examined, the vertical section of a dorsiventral leaf consists of three different parts, and they are
- Epidermis – It is found on the adaxial epidermis (upper surface) and the abaxial epidermis (lower surface). On the outside, the epidermis is covered with a thick cuticle. Compared to the upper surface, the abaxial epidermis comprises more stomata.
- Mesophyll – It is a tissue found in between the abaxial and adaxial epidermises. This tissue is differentiated into the palisade parenchyma and the spongy parenchyma. The palisade parenchyma is composed of tall, compactly-arranged cells, while the spongy parenchyma comprises round or oval, loosely-arranged cells possessing intercellular spaces. Mesophyll comprises of chloroplasts that carry out photosynthesis.
- Vascular system – The vascular bundles that are found in leaves are closed and conjoint, which are engirdled by thick layers of bundle-sheath cells.
NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Biology Chapter 6 – Anatomy of Flowering Plants
NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Biology Chapter 6 Anatomy of Flowering Plants is grouped under Unit – 2 in the NCERT textbook for Biology Class 11. The marks that are allocated for this particular chapter as per past trends, roughly around 12 marks; that is, 17% of the question paper shall have questions appearing from this unit 2 – Structural Organisation in Plants and Animals.
Hence, students have to revise all the chapters under this unit thoroughly. Practising questions from NCERT solutions ought to be one of the best ways to achieve this, as solutions are provided in accordance with the answering methodologies expected from a Class 11 student.
The typology of questions that students can expect in the examinations is as follows:
- Knowledge-based
- Application-based
- Comprehension-based
- High-order thinking skills-based questions
- Evaluation type
List of subtopics covered in Chapter 6 – Anatomy of Flowering Plants
| Number | Subtopic |
| 6.1 | The tissues |
| 6.2 | The tissue system |
| 6.3 | Anatomy of Dicotyledonous and Monocotyledonous Plants |
| 6.4 | Secondary growth |
NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Biology Chapter 6 – Anatomy of Flowering Plants
The Anatomy of Flowering Plants enriches students with a thorough knowledge of the different kinds of tissues a plant possesses. Plant tissues can broadly be classified into meristematic and permanent tissues. Tissues carry out some of the most crucial functionalities, such as rendering mechanical support, transportation of water and minerals, assimilation of food and its storage, photosynthesis, etc.
Through this chapter, students get enlightened about the anatomical features of each part in detail, right from the seeds, different parts of a monocot and dicot seed, its differentiation, different zones, etc. Hence, concepts are to be learned and understood thoroughly, as it would be helpful in Class 12, where the complete analysis would be carried out.
Key Features of NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Biology Chapter 6 – Anatomy of Flowering Plants
- The solutions provided are to the point.
- Simple and easy to understand.
- Solutions are extremely beneficial sources even while preparing for competitive examinations.
- Solutions are available to download for free.
- Use neatly labelled diagrams wherever necessary.
Disclaimer –Â
Dropped Topics –Â
6.1 The Tissues
6.1.1 Meristematic Tissues
6.1.2.1 Simple Tissues (Para 2, 3)
6.1.2.2 Complex Tissues (Para 4)
6.4 Secondary Growth
6.4.1 Vascular Cambium
6.4.1.2 Activity of the Cambial Ring
6.4.1.3 Spring Wood and Autumn Wood
6.4.1.4 Heartwood and Sapwood
6.4.2 Cork Cambium
6.4.3 Secondary Growth in Roots
Question nos 1, 2, 3, 7, 11
Frequently Asked Questions on NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Biology Chapter 6
Explain why the study of plant anatomy is useful to us from Chapter 6 of NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Biology.
1. Structural adaptations in plants to various climatic conditions are understood.
2. Identification of dicots, monocots and gymnosperms has become easy.
3. Physiological conditions can be understood, which helps in the improvement of crops.
4. The strength of wood can be predicted and utilised to its full potential.
List the three basic tissue systems in the flowering plants from Chapter 6 of NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Biology.
1. Ground tissue system – It is made up of simple tissues such as collenchyma, parenchyma and sclerenchyma.
2. Epidermal tissue system – It includes both epidermal appendages and epidermis. The epidermal appendages include stem hair, root hair, glandular hair and stinging hair, whereas the epidermis consists of guard cells and epidermal cells.
3. Vascular tissue system – It consists of complex tissues such as phloem, xylem and vascular cambium.
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