RD Sharma Solutions for Class 9 Maths Chapter 10 Congruent Triangles

RD Sharma Solutions for Class 9 Maths Chapter 10 – Free PDF Download

RD Sharma Solutions for Class 9 Maths Chapter 10 Congruent Triangles are provided here for students to achieve high scores in exams. In this chapter, students will study a fundamental concept of Geometry known as “Congruence”. This concept is used to classify geometrical figures based on their shapes. Two geometrical figures are said to be congruent if they have the same size and same shape. RD Sharma Solutions are well structured by professional teachers to develop a better understanding of the concepts among students.

Rules for congruence of triangles are as follows:

• SSS (Side-Side-Side): If all the sides of two triangles are equivalent, then triangles are said to be congruent.
• SAS (Side-Angle-Side): If two sides and an interior angle of a triangle are equal to the corresponding sides and an interior angle of the other triangle, then both triangles are said to be congruent.
• ASA (Angle-Side-Angle): If two angles and included side of one triangle are equal to the corresponding two angles and included side of another triangle, then the triangles are congruent.
• RHS (Rightangle-Hypotenuse-Side): If in two right-angled triangles, the hypotenuse and any one side of a triangle are equivalent to the hypotenuse and one side of the other triangle, then both triangles are said to be congruent.

Check the detailed RD Sharma Class 9 Solutions for all chapters and start practising to score good marks. Diligent practice of these solutions on a regular basis will help students to grasp the concepts more accurately. The solutions are prepared based on the updated 2023-24 syllabus with the intention of clearing doubts and boosting the academic performance of students. The solutions are formulated in accordance with CBSE guidelines and can be availed both online and offline modes.

RD Sharma Solutions for Class 9 Maths Chapter 10 Congruent Triangles

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Access Answers to RD Sharma Solutions for Class 9 Maths Chapter 10 Congruent Triangles

Exercise 10.1

Question 1: In the figure, the sides BA and CA have been produced such that BA = AD and CA = AE. Prove that segment DE ∥ BC.

Solution:

Sides BA and CA have been produced such that BA = AD and CA = AE.

To prove: DE ∥ BC

Consider △ BAC and △DAE,

BA = AD and CA= AE (Given)

∠BAC = ∠DAE (vertically opposite angles)

By the SAS congruence criterion, we have

△ BAC ≃ △ DAE

We know corresponding parts of congruent triangles are equal

So, BC = DE and ∠DEA = ∠BCA, ∠EDA = ∠CBA

Now, DE and BC are two lines intersected by a transversal DB s.t.

∠DEA=∠BCA (alternate angles are equal)

Therefore, DE ∥ BC. Proved.

Question 2: In a PQR, if PQ = QR and L, M and N are the mid-points of the sides PQ, QR and RP, respectively. Prove that LN = MN.

Solution:

Draw a figure based on the given instruction,

In △PQR, PQ = QR and L, M, N are midpoints of the sides PQ, QP and RP, respectively (Given)

To prove: LN = MN

As two sides of the triangle are equal, so △ PQR is an isosceles triangle

PQ = QR and ∠QPR = ∠QRP ……. (i)

Also, L and M are midpoints of PQ and QR, respectively

PL = LQ = QM = MR = QR/2

Now, consider Δ LPN and Δ MRN,

LP = MR

∠LPN = ∠MRN [From (i)]

∠QPR = ∠LPN and ∠QRP = ∠MRN

PN = NR [N is the midpoint of PR]

By SAS congruence criterion,

Δ LPN ≃ Δ MRN

We know that the corresponding parts of congruent triangles are equal.

So LN = MN

Proved.

Question 3: In the figure, PQRS is a square, and SRT is an equilateral triangle. Prove that

(i) PT = QT (ii) ∠ TQR = 15⁰

Solution:

Given: PQRS is a square, and SRT is an equilateral triangle.

To prove:

(i) PT =QT and (ii) ∠ TQR =15°

Now,

PQRS is a square:

PQ = QR = RS = SP …… (i)

And ∠ SPQ = ∠ PQR = ∠ QRS = ∠ RSP = 90^o

Also, △ SRT is an equilateral triangle:

SR = RT = TS …….(ii)

And ∠ TSR = ∠ SRT = ∠ RTS = 60°

From (i) and (ii)

PQ = QR = SP = SR = RT = TS ……(iii)

From figure,

∠TSP = ∠TSR + ∠ RSP = 60° + 90° = 150° and

∠TRQ = ∠TRS + ∠ SRQ = 60° + 90° = 150°

=> ∠ TSP = ∠ TRQ = 150⁰ ………………… (iv)

By SAS congruence criterion, Δ TSP ≃ Δ TRQ

We know that the corresponding parts of congruent triangles are equal

So, PT = QT

Proved part (i).

Now, consider Δ TQR.

QR = TR [From (iii)]

Δ TQR is an isosceles triangle.

∠ QTR = ∠ TQR [angles opposite to equal sides]

The sum of angles in a triangle = 180^∘

=> ∠QTR + ∠ TQR + ∠TRQ = 180°

=> 2 ∠ TQR + 150° = 180° [From (iv)]

=> 2 ∠ TQR = 30°

=> ∠ TQR = 15⁰

Hence proved part (ii).

Question 4: Prove that the medians of an equilateral triangle are equal.

Solution:

Consider an equilateral △ABC, and Let D, E, and F are midpoints of BC, CA and AB.

Here, AD, BE and CF are medians of △ABC.

Now,

D is the midpoint of BC => BD = DC

Similarly, CE = EA and AF = FB

Since ΔABC is an equilateral triangle

AB = BC = CA …..(i)

BD = DC = CE = EA = AF = FB …………(ii)

And also, ∠ ABC = ∠ BCA = ∠ CAB = 60° ……….(iii)

Consider Δ ABD and Δ BCE

AB = BC [From (i)]

BD = CE [From (ii)]

∠ ABD = ∠ BCE [From (iii)]

By SAS congruence criterion,

Δ ABD ≃ Δ BCE

=> AD = BE ……..(iv)

Now, consider Δ BCE and Δ CAF,

BC = CA [From (i)]

∠ BCE = ∠ CAF [From (iii)]

CE = AF [From (ii)]

By SAS congruence criterion,

Δ BCE ≃ Δ CAF

=> BE = CF …………..(v)

From (iv) and (v), we have

AD = BE = CF

Median AD = Median BE = Median CF

The medians of an equilateral triangle are equal.

Hence proved

Question 5: In a Δ ABC, if ∠A = 120° and AB = AC. Find ∠B and ∠C.

Solution:

To find: ∠ B and ∠ C.

Here, Δ ABC is an isosceles triangle since AB = AC

∠ B = ∠ C ……… (i)

We know that the sum of angles in a triangle = 180°

∠ A + ∠ B + ∠ C = 180°

∠ A + ∠ B + ∠ B= 180° (using (i)

120⁰ + 2∠B = 180⁰

2∠B = 180⁰ – 120⁰ = 60⁰

∠ B = 30^o

Therefore, ∠ B = ∠ C = 30^∘

Question 6: In a Δ ABC, if AB = AC and ∠ B = 70°, find ∠ A.

Solution:

Given: In a Δ ABC, AB = AC and ∠B = 70°

∠ B = ∠ C [Angles opposite to equal sides are equal]

Therefore, ∠ B = ∠ C = 70^∘

The sum of angles in a triangle = 180∘

∠ A + ∠ B + ∠ C = 180^o

∠ A + 70^o + 70^o = 180^o

∠ A = 180^o – 140^o

∠ A = 40^o

Exercise 10.2

Question 1: In the figure, it is given that RT = TS, ∠ 1 = 2 ∠ 2 and ∠4 = 2(∠3). Prove that ΔRBT ≅ ΔSAT.

Solution:

In the figure,

RT = TS ……(i)

∠ 1 = 2 ∠ 2 ……(ii)

And ∠ 4 = 2 ∠ 3 ……(iii)

To prove: ΔRBT ≅ ΔSAT

Let the point of intersection RB and SA be denoted by O

∠ AOR = ∠ BOS [Vertically opposite angles]

or ∠ 1 = ∠ 4

2 ∠ 2 = 2 ∠ 3 [From (ii) and (iii)]

or ∠ 2 = ∠ 3 ……(iv)

Now in Δ TRS, we have RT = TS

=> Δ TRS is an isosceles triangle

∠ TRS = ∠ TSR ……(v)

But, ∠ TRS = ∠ TRB + ∠ 2 ……(vi)

∠ TSR = ∠ TSA + ∠ 3 ……(vii)

Putting (vi) and (vii) in (v) we get

∠ TRB + ∠ 2 = ∠ TSA + ∠ 3

=> ∠ TRB = ∠ TSA [From (iv)]

Consider Δ RBT and Δ SAT

RT = ST [From (i)]

∠ TRB = ∠ TSA [From (iv)]

By the ASA criterion of congruence, we have

Δ RBT ≅ Δ SAT

Question 2: Two lines, AB and CD, intersect at O such that BC is equal and parallel to AD. Prove that the lines AB and CD bisect at O.

Solution: Lines AB and CD Intersect at O

Such that BC ∥ AD and

BC = AD …….(i)

To prove: AB and CD bisect at O.

First, we have to prove that Δ AOD ≅ Δ BOC

∠OCB =∠ODA [AD||BC and CD is transversal]

AD = BC [from (i)]

∠OBC = ∠OAD [AD||BC and AB is transversal]

By ASA Criterion:

Δ AOD ≅ Δ BOC

OA = OB and OD = OC (By c.p.c.t.)

Therefore, AB and CD bisect each other at O.

Hence Proved.

Question 3: BD and CE are bisectors of ∠ B and ∠ C of an isosceles Δ ABC with AB = AC. Prove that BD = CE.

Solution:

Δ ABC is isosceles with AB = AC, and BD and CE are bisectors of ∠ B and ∠ C. We have to prove BD = CE. (Given)

Since AB = AC

=> ∠ABC = ∠ACB ……(i)

Since BD and CE are bisectors of ∠ B and ∠ C

∠ ABD = ∠ DBC = ∠ BCE = ECA = ∠B/2 = ∠C/2 …(ii)

Now, Consider Δ EBC = Δ DCB

∠ EBC = ∠ DCB [From (i)]

BC = BC [Common side]

∠ BCE = ∠ CBD [From (ii)]

By ASA congruence criterion, Δ EBC ≅ Δ DCB

Since corresponding parts of congruent triangles are equal.

=> CE = BD

or, BD = CE

Hence proved.

Exercise 10.3

Question 1: In two right triangles, one side and an acute angle of one triangle are equal to the corresponding side and angle of the other. Prove that the triangles are congruent.

Solution:

In two right triangles, one side and an acute angle of one triangle are equal to the corresponding side and angles of the other. (Given)

To prove: Both triangles are congruent.

Consider two right triangles such that

∠ B = ∠ E = 90^o …….(i)

AB = DE …….(ii)

∠ C = ∠ F ……(iii)

Here we have two right triangles, △ ABC and △ DEF

From (i), (ii) and (iii),

By the AAS congruence criterion, we have Δ ABC ≅ Δ DEF

Both triangles are congruent. Hence proved.

Question 2: If the bisector of the exterior vertical angle of a triangle is parallel to the base, show that the triangle is isosceles.

Solution:

Let ABC be a triangle such that AD is the angular bisector of the exterior vertical angle, ∠EAC and AD ∥ BC.

From figure,

∠1 = ∠2 [AD is a bisector of ∠ EAC]

∠1 = ∠3 [Corresponding angles]

and ∠2 = ∠4 [alternative angle]

From above, we have ∠3 = ∠4

This implies, AB = AC

Two sides, AB and AC, are equal.

=> Δ ABC is an isosceles triangle.

Question 3: In an isosceles triangle, if the vertex angle is twice the sum of the base angles, calculate the angles of the triangle.

Solution:

Let Δ ABC be isosceles where AB = AC and ∠ B = ∠ C

Given: Vertex angle A is twice the sum of the base angles B and C. i.e., ∠ A = 2(∠ B + ∠ C)

∠ A = 2(∠ B + ∠ B)

∠ A = 2(2 ∠ B)

∠ A = 4(∠ B)

Now, We know that the sum of angles in a triangle =180°

∠ A + ∠ B + ∠ C =180°

4 ∠ B + ∠ B + ∠ B = 180°

6 ∠ B =180°

∠ B = 30°

Since, ∠ B = ∠ C

∠ B = ∠ C = 30°

And ∠ A = 4 ∠ B

∠ A = 4 x 30° = 120°

Therefore, the angles of the given triangle are 30° and 30° and 120°.

Question 4: PQR is a triangle in which PQ = PR and is any point on the side PQ. Through S, a line is drawn parallel to QR and intersecting PR at T. Prove that PS = PT.

Solution: Given that PQR is a triangle such that PQ = PR and S is any point on the side PQ and ST ∥ QR.

To prove: PS = PT

Since, PQ= PR, so △PQR is an isosceles triangle.

∠ PQR = ∠ PRQ

Now, ∠ PST = ∠ PQR and ∠ PTS = ∠ PRQ

Since, ∠ PQR = ∠ PRQ

∠ PST = ∠ PTS

In Δ PST,

∠ PST = ∠ PTS

Δ PST is an isosceles triangle.

Therefore, PS = PT.

Hence proved.

Exercise 10.4

Question 1: In the figure, It is given that AB = CD and AD = BC. Prove that ΔADC ≅ ΔCBA.

Solution:

From the figure, AB = CD and AD = BC.

To prove: ΔADC ≅ ΔCBA

Consider Δ ADC and Δ CBA.

AB = CD [Given]

BC = AD [Given]

And AC = AC [Common side]

So, by the SSS congruence criterion, we have

ΔADC≅ΔCBA

Hence proved.

Question 2: In a Δ PQR, if PQ = QR and L, M and N are the mid-points of the sides PQ, QR and RP, respectively. Prove that LN = MN.

Solution:

Given: In Δ PQR, PQ = QR and L, M and N are the mid-points of the sides PQ, QR and RP respectively

To prove: LN = MN

Join L and M, M and N, N and L

We have PL = LQ, QM = MR and RN = NP

And also, PQ = QR

PL = LQ = QM = MR = PN = LR …….(i)

MN ∥ PQ and MN = PQ/2

MN = PL = LQ ……(ii)

Similarly, we have

LN ∥ QR and LN = (1/2)QR

LN = QM = MR ……(iii)

From equations (i), (ii) and (iii), we have

PL = LQ = QM = MR = MN = LN

This implies, LN = MN

Hence Proved.

Exercise 10.5

Question 1: ABC is a triangle, and D is the mid-point of BC. The perpendiculars from D to AB and AC are equal. Prove that the triangle is isosceles.

Solution:

Given: D is the midpoint of BC and PD = DQ in a triangle ABC.

To prove: ABC is isosceles triangle.

In △BDP and △CDQ

PD = QD (Given)

BD = DC (D is mid-point)

∠BPD = ∠CQD = 90^o

By RHS Criterion: △BDP ≅ △CDQ

BP = CQ … (i) (By CPCT)

In △APD and △AQD

PD = QD (given)

AD = AD (common)

APD = AQD = 90 ^o

By RHS Criterion: △APD ≅ △AQD

So, PA = QA … (ii) (By CPCT)

Adding (i) and (ii)

BP + PA = CQ + QA

AB = AC

Two sides of the triangle are equal, so ABC is an isosceles.

Question 2: ABC is a triangle in which BE and CF are, respectively, the perpendiculars to the sides AC and AB. If BE = CF, prove that Δ ABC is isosceles

Solution:

ABC is a triangle in which BE and CF are perpendicular to the sides AC and AB, respectively, s.t. BE = CF.

To prove: Δ ABC is isosceles

In Δ BCF and Δ CBE,

∠ BFC = CEB = 90^o [Given]

BC = CB [Common side]

And CF = BE [Given]

By RHS congruence criterion: ΔBFC ≅ ΔCEB

So, ∠ FBC = ∠ EBC [By CPCT]

=>∠ ABC = ∠ ACB

AC = AB [Opposite sides to equal angles are equal in a triangle]

Two sides of triangle ABC are equal.

Therefore, Δ ABC is isosceles. Hence Proved.

Question 3: If perpendiculars from any point within an angle on its arms are congruent. Prove that it lies on the bisector of that angle.

Solution:

Consider an angle ABC and BP be one of the arms within the angle.

Draw perpendiculars PN and PM on the arms BC and BA.

In Δ BPM and Δ BPN,

∠ BMP = ∠ BNP = 90° [given]

BP = BP [Common side]

MP = NP [given]

By RHS congruence criterion: ΔBPM≅ΔBPN

So, ∠ MBP = ∠ NBP [ By CPCT]

BP is the angular bisector of ∠ABC.

Hence proved

Exercise 10.6 Page No: 10.66

Question 1: In Δ ABC, if ∠ A = 40° and ∠ B = 60°. Determine the longest and shortest sides of the triangle.

Solution: In Δ ABC, ∠ A = 40° and ∠ B = 60°

We know the sum of angles in a triangle = 180°

∠ A + ∠ B + ∠ C = 180°

40° + 60° + ∠ C = 180°

∠ C = 180° – 100° = 80°

∠ C = 80°

Now, 40° < 60° < 80°

=> ∠ A < ∠ B < ∠ C

=> ∠ C is a greater angle and ∠ A is a smaller angle.

Now, ∠ A < ∠ B < ∠ C

We know the side opposite to a greater angle is larger, and the side opposite to a smaller angle is smaller.

Therefore, BC < AC < AB

AB is the longest and BC is the shortest side.

Question 2: In a Δ ABC, if ∠ B = ∠ C = 45°, which is the longest side?

Solution: In Δ ABC, ∠ B = ∠ C = 45°

The sum of angles in a triangle = 180°

∠ A + ∠ B + ∠ C = 180°

∠ A + 45° + 45° = 180°

∠ A = 180° – (45° + 45°) = 180° – 90° = 90°

∠ A = 90°

=> ∠ B = ∠ C < ∠ A

Therefore, BC is the longest side.

Question 3: In Δ ABC, side AB is produced to D so that BD = BC. If ∠ B = 60° and ∠ A = 70°.

Prove that: (i) AD > CD (ii) AD > AC

Solution: In Δ ABC, side AB is produced to D so that BD = BC.

∠ B = 60°, and ∠ A = 70°

To prove: (i) AD > CD (ii) AD > AC

Construction: Join C and D

We know the sum of angles in a triangle = 180°

∠ A + ∠ B + ∠ C = 180°

70° + 60° + ∠ C = 180°

∠ C = 180° – (130°) = 50°

∠ C = 50°

∠ ACB = 50° ……(i)

And also in Δ BDC

∠ DBC =180° – ∠ ABC = 180 – 60° = 120°

and BD = BC [given]

∠ BCD = ∠ BDC [Angles opposite to equal sides are equal]

The sum of angles in a triangle =180°

∠ DBC + ∠ BCD + ∠ BDC = 180°

120° + ∠ BCD + ∠ BCD = 180°

120° + 2∠ BCD = 180°

2∠ BCD = 180° – 120° = 60°

∠ BCD = 30°

∠ BCD = ∠ BDC = 30° ….(ii)

Now, consider Δ ADC.

∠ DAC = 70° [given]

∠ ADC = 30° [From (ii)]

∠ ACD = ∠ ACB+ ∠ BCD = 50° + 30° = 80° [From (i) and (ii)]

Now, ∠ ADC < ∠ DAC < ∠ ACD

AC < DC < AD

AD > CD and AD > AC

Hence proved.

Question 4: Is it possible to draw a triangle with sides of length 2 cm, 3 cm and 7 cm?

Solution:

Lengths of sides are 2 cm, 3 cm and 7 cm.

A triangle can be drawn only when the sum of any two sides is greater than the third side.

So, let’s check the rule.

2 + 3 ≯ 7 or 2 + 3 < 7

2 + 7 > 3

and 3 + 7 > 2

Here 2 + 3 ≯ 7

So, the triangle does not exist.

Exercise VSAQs

Question 1: In two congruent triangles, ABC and DEF, if AB = DE and BC = EF. Name the pairs of equal angles.

Solution:

In two congruent triangles ABC and DEF, if AB = DE and BC = EF, then

∠A = ∠D, ∠B = ∠ E and ∠ C = ∠F

Question 2: In two triangles, ABC and DEF, it is given that ∠A = ∠D, ∠B = ∠ E and ∠ C = ∠F. Are the two triangles necessarily congruent?

Solution: No.

Reason: Two triangles are not necessarily congruent because we know only the angle-angle-angle (AAA) criterion. This criterion can produce similar but not congruent triangles.

Question 3: If ABC and DEF are two triangles such that AC = 2.5 cm, BC = 5 cm, C = 75^o, DE = 2.5 cm, DF = 5 cm and D = 75^o. Are two triangles congruent?

Solution: Yes.

Reason: Given triangles are congruent as AC = DE = 2.5 cm, BC = DF = 5 cm and

∠D = ∠C = 75^o.

By the SAS theorem, triangle ABC is congruent to triangle EDF.

Question 4: In two triangles, ABC and ADC, if AB = AD and BC = CD. Are they congruent?

Solution: Yes.

Reason: Given triangles are congruent as

AB = AD

BC = CD and

AC [ common side]

By the SSS theorem, triangle ABC is congruent to triangle ADC.

Question 5: In triangles ABC and CDE, if AC = CE, BC = CD, ∠A = 60^o, ∠C = 30 ^o and ∠D = 90 ^o. Are two triangles congruent?

Solution: Yes.

Reason: Given triangles are congruent

Here AC = CE

BC = CD

∠B = ∠D = 90°

By SSA criteria, triangle ABC is congruent to triangle CDE.

Question 6: ABC is an isosceles triangle in which AB = AC. BE and CF are its two medians. Show that BE = CF.

Solution: ABC is an isosceles triangle (given)

AB = AC (given)

BE and CF are two medians (given)

To prove: BE = CF

In △CFB and △BEC

CE = BF (Since, AC = AB = AC/2 = AB/2 = CE = BF)

BC = BC (Common)

∠ECB = ∠FBC (Angle opposite to equal sides are equal)

By SAS theorem: △CFB ≅ △BEC

So, BE = CF (By c.p.c.t)

RD Sharma Solutions for Class 9 Maths Chapter 10 Congruent Triangles

In Chapter 10 of Class 9 RD Sharma Solutions, students will study important concepts as listed below:

• Congruence of Line segments
• Congruence of Angles
• Congruence of Triangles
• Congruence Relation
• Some inequality Relations in a Triangle

Students can download  RD Sharma Solutions for all classes and chapters and start practising to score good marks in the annual exam.